The significance of the study of Placenta
Significance 1. Placenta is a human tissue biopharmaceutical that currently belongs to restricted or to be eliminated Placenta belongs to the organization of biological agents, although raw materials are taken from the placenta of healthy mothers, there may be some pathogenic microorganisms that are not easily detected in the preparation. For example, it was reported that among the major manufacturers of hospitals in Qingdao, 5 of them are human gamma globulin and placenta globulin, 4 of them are anti-HCV positive, accounting for 80%, and all of them are strongly positive. There is a certain control policy on it. This has limited the promotion and application of placental preparations. The above facts require that we extract the antiviral active ingredients from the placenta and separate and clone them by molecular biology techniques to produce a novel antiviral drug. This will greatly overcome the drawbacks of tissue biological agents. 2. Trophoblast protein may be an important reason for the fetus to avoid intrauterine infection Many data show that HBsAg-positive pregnant women, whose HBV virus can infect the fetus through the placental barrier or first infected and replicated in the placenta and then infect the fetus, has a high rate of placental infection. However, in fact, these pregnant women give birth to neonates with mostly negative HBsAg and low positive rates. If the newborn is injected with the hepatitis B vaccine immediately after birth, 80% to 91% of people get full immunity. However, most children born to HBsAg-positive pregnant women become positive for HBsAg within one year if they do not vaccinate. Some people think this is due to the role of maternal antibodies to delay the expression of HBV components in the newborn. However, other studies have shown that maternal anti-HBc antibodies do not inhibit the expression and replication of HBV antigen in neonates. According to this phenomenon, Prof. Zhu Yutong suggested that the placenta may secrete an HBV inhibitory factor. During pregnancy, it can inhibit the expression and replication of HBV antigens in the fetus. After birth, this inhibitory factor quickly disappears from the blood and tissues of the newborn. . Wang Fusheng et al used in situ hybridization to determine the placental tissue HBV-DNA of pregnant women with hepatitis B positive. The results showed that the infection rate of HBV to the placenta was extremely high (100%), and the decidua was the site of major invasion or even replication, and the villous layer (including There was no positive signal for villous syncytiotrophs, villous axial structures, villous blood vessels and cells, indicating that the virus did not invade the leafy villi. This indicates that there may be a substance present in the villous trophoblast to prevent the invasion of the virus. Based on the above facts and research data on trophoblast protein, it can be speculated that this inhibitor may be trophoblast protein which may be one of the important reasons to protect the fetus from intrauterine infection. Whether this assumption is correct requires further study. 3. Research status of trophoblast proteins at home and abroad In recent years, there have been many studies on trophoblast proteins in animals and humans, and the antiviral activity of sheep's trophoblast protein (oTP) has been affirmed. oTP has high antiviral activity (2 x 108 to 3 x 108 U/mg), which is similar to the known interferon function. From a local perspective, its antiviral activity is beneficial to protect the fetus from viral infection. It has also been reported that oTP is resistant to sheep lentiviral virus and human immunodeficiency virus and prevents the development of lentiviral interstitial pneumonia. The trophoblast nucleotide sequences of cattle and sheep have been studied clearly. Research on the TP structure of humans has made some progress. After consulting Genbank, it has been reported in 1993 that human trophoblast protein DNA sequences, which laid the foundation for in-depth study of trophoblast protein structure and function. Recently, people have paid special attention to the fact that IFN-ω not only has high antiviral activity, but also is structurally similar to animal trophoblast proteins. Therefore, related studies have been conducted, which suggests that we need to understand the structure of IFN-ω and TP. Or attach importance to the functional connection. Current data indicate that IFN-ω and TP belong to different families of interferons. Therefore, the study of the relationship between trophoblast protein and interferon (especially IFN-ω), isolation and cloning of trophoblast protein or IFN-ω is the key issue for us to study the antiviral active ingredients in placenta. 4. The use of molecular biology to carry out traditional Chinese medicine research can promote the modernization of traditional medicine 20. Since the 1990s, molecular biology technology has developed rapidly. Applying the theory and technological achievements of molecular biology to carry out research on traditional medicine is one of the important ways to develop traditional Chinese medicine. This will have a far-reaching impact on promoting the academic development of Chinese medicine and promoting the integration of Chinese and Western medicine at a deeper level and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. In the development of new drugs, many scientists at home and abroad have focused on traditional Chinese medicines, trying to discover new active ingredients, new monomers, and create new drugs. In this sense, we propose to use molecular biology knowledge to study the anti-viral active ingredients of Placenta and combine it with clinical practice, which will help reveal the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment efficacy and promote the development of the drug.
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