Some suggestions for the production of peach plant
Recently, the author visited a number of facilities in peach production area and found that with the increase of production time, varieties of aging, high yield and low quality, pests and diseases, chemical fertilizer application and other issues, has seriously affected the production of peach plant production in our province. In view of the problems existing in the current peach plant, the author proposes the following recommendations for the reference of farmers. First, use fine varieties. Variety is the basis for the production of high quality peaches. Even if the quality of the poor varieties is high, the quality will not be greatly improved. In the cultivation of facilities peaches, some old varieties, such as Ruiguang No. 3, early red bead, Huaguang and other varieties, mainly in a small fruit, soft flesh, intolerable to transport, short shelf life, poor efficiency. To this end, the newly-built greenhouses should be planted with the market demand for road varieties. The new varieties should be replaced by high-stake-changing methods for the production of the sheds. The specific varieties include Chunxue, Jinghong, Jinghong, Jinao, CNPC No. 5, Hongmei, Breakout, and early exposed peach. No matter what varieties are used, the criteria for selecting varieties must be based on the principles of large size, early maturity, fruit shape, sweetness, color, aroma, resistance to storage and transportation, high commodity quality, and high profitability. Change the time after the fruit is harvested. The specific time is from late April to late May. Grafting methods using woody buds and T-shaped buds. Second, promote sparse planting. At present, in the production, high-density cultivation of 1 meter and 0.9 meters is adopted. Although it can have higher yields in the past, it brings inconvenience to the management of the greenhouses in the future. It also leaves the plant roots with insufficient nutrient area and the crown has insufficient nutrition space. , resulting in crowded branches, closed, neither air and light, but also inconvenient for operation and management. The peaches produced are light in color and light in flavor. It is recommended to use a large row spacing planting, spacing requirements of 1.8-2 meters, planting distance of 1-1.3 meters. Secondly, thinning is required for planting densely-packed sheds by cutting them alternately or cutting them in two rows. Using the interstrain strains, the behavior of the north-south east-west line has the same improvement effect. Third, use a reasonable tree. At present, the density of planting on the production varies widely, and the tree shape used does not correspond to the density. Some dense plantings use sparsely planted trees, which causes the canopy to close early and cause inconvenience to the work in the shed. Some sparse planting uses a small-crown tree, and it is not possible to use space as soon as possible to form economic output. It is recommended that the corresponding relationship between planting density and tree shape be fully understood. The tree structure used is dense and thin, corresponding to a spindle shape, an umbrella shape, a “Y†shape, and three main branches. We must promptly carry out the transformation of the trees in the closed greenhouses, and rely on the principles of reforming the tree as the main factor and taking care of the yield and quality in a timely manner. The transformation time of the tree shape can be carried out simultaneously after the peach fruit is harvested. Fourth, scientific production, reasonable load, to prevent excessive production. In the production, the fruit growers blindly pursue the yield, leaving a large amount of fruit, resulting in a small peach fruit and poor quality. For the fruit quantity, it is recommended that the fruit farmer make a feasible production plan and evenly distribute the plan number to each tree, so that the tree can be produced. In general, 2000-2500 kg will be produced per acre. On this basis, it is necessary to strictly thin and thin fruit. For varieties with high self-fertilization rates, they should be sparsely flowered and fruit thinned as soon as possible. For varieties without pollen or low self-fertilization rates, they should not be thinned, only fruit should be thinned, and fruit thinning should be after flowering. End of the week. Try to choose the fruit with a length of 20-50 cm and a thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm on the branch with good quality. Each fruit branch leaves 3 fruits, middle fruit branch leaves 2 fruits, and short fruit branch leaves 1 fruit. The fruit spacing is 15-20 cm, 9000-10000 fruits per mu. Note that large fruit stays small and small fruit stays. Fifth, increase organic fertilizer. In the production of fruit farmers only pay attention to the application of chemical fertilizers, while ignoring the application of organic fertilizers, resulting in soil compaction. To this end, it is recommended that growers should ideologically increase their awareness of applying organic fertilizers. Organic manure is rich in many elements and beneficial microorganisms required for the growth of peach trees. It has an irreplaceable effect on the aging of soil, improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, and improvement of soil organic matter content. With the increase of age, organic manure is applied. More necessary. With a large age, harmful substances secreted by peach trees accumulate in the soil. Only increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied, using its beneficial microorganisms, decomposes the peach trees in the soil for years to secrete harmful substances that have accumulated. In addition, timely application of good quality organic fertilizers should be the best time to apply organic fertilizer after peach fruit harvest every year and before peach break. Plants with generally high yields of peach trees should be 5,000 kg or more per gram of organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is applied in a ditch, that is, a groove 15-20 cm deep and 40 cm wide is dug between the rows of peach trees, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch, and then the soil is poured and watered. Organic fertilizers include manure, poultry manure, and human waste. When there is a shortage of organic fertilizer, it can be changed to cake fat. There are soybean cakes, peanut cakes, and so on. The bean cake is mainly used, and the amount per mu is 250-400 kg. During the application, crush and soak the cakes, mix thoroughly with the river sand, and open a 20-cm groove between the rows. Apply the fertilizer to it, then cover the soil and water. The time and method are the same as organic fertilizer. Where conditions permit the use of biogas fertilizers, namely biogas residue and biogas slurry. The decomposed biogas fertilizer is not only a good fertilizer, but also able to prevent disease and insecticide. For the amount of biogas fertilizer can be more or less, flushing, spraying, soil application. It can be used throughout the growing season. Sixth, wipe the film, in addition to dust, increase the light. Due to the production of the wrong season, the winter sunshine time is short, combined with the plastic film to reduce the light, the light intensity and time is obviously insufficient, affect the fruit coloring. In order to promote fruit coloring, farmers' friends often take the method of re-picking leaves, light leaves 40%, more than 60%. Although this practice peach colored in advance, but less sugar accumulation, low sugar content, affect the quality, flavor and fruit size. It is recommended that winter fruit farmers should clean the film and remove dust from the film. Hang a polyethylene aluminum reflector on the back wall to increase diffuse light. In the early stages of fruit ripening, the floor is covered with reflective film to increase reflected light. Seven, timely harvest, to ensure the quality of fruit. Some fruit growers have not yet reached a sufficient size in order to pursue prices. The color and aroma of peaches have not yet been revealed. When they are just colored, they are picked and affect the quality of the fruit. It is suggested that the fruit grower should fully understand the inherent quality characteristics of the variety and pick it when the fruit reaches a sufficiently large size, the inherent flavor becomes apparent, and the coloring area accounts for more than 85% of the original coloring area. Do not pick blue. Eight, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. In the early stage of peach production in facilities, it was rarely affected by pests and diseases. With the increase in the number of years of production, pests and diseases in sheds have become more and more serious. The main pests and diseases have been locusts, mulberry whiteworms, peach aphids (flow gum disease), snails, slugs, and bacterial perforation diseases. It is recommended to prevent pests and diseases in a timely manner. In the one week after the peach tree is released from dormancy, Bordeaux is sprayed with copper sulfate, lime and water in a ratio of 1:1:300 to prevent and treat bacterial perforation (the liquid medicine avoids the shed film). One week before flowering, 10% imidacloprid was sprayed 1500 times to control aphids. 25 days after flowering (egg hatching period), 40% speed culling and 800 times liquidation was used to prevent Sangbai. During snails and cockroaches, 3-5 ducklings are stocked in the shed, and the control effect reaches more than 95%. Timely removal of shoots in the shed, not to put shoots or firewood near the sheds, can effectively prevent and control peach aphids. Dehydrated Garlic,Dehydrated Garlic For Cooking,Dehydrated Garlic Powder,Dehydrated Garlic Slices Xinghua Lvwei Foods Co.,Ltd , https://www.lvweifoods.com