What has changed in the 2016 Chinese Dietary Guidelines

Ten years of grinding a sword.

The "Chinese Dietary Guidelines" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide") has not been issued with new amendments since its revision in 2007.

On May 13, 2016, at the regular press conference held by the National Health and Family Planning Commission in May, this "Chinese Dietary Guidelines for the Residents (2016)", which has long been awaited by the nutritionists, was officially released. After the meeting, Phoenix Health also exclusively interviewed one of the editors of the guide. Professor Ma Guansheng of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene at the School of Public Health of Peking University made an exclusive interpretation of the revision process of the new guidebook and the revised major changes.

Interpretation 1: Why is the Chinese Dietary Guidelines revised every 10 years?

The first edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents was released in 1989 and was revised and published twice in 1997 and 2007. From a time perspective, almost every 10 years, the China Nutrition Society will organize an expert committee to revise the guidelines and publish new versions of the guidelines.

Ma Guansheng introduced that the time for the revision of the guideline was not clearly stipulated. It must be revised every 10 years. In the revised time, since the two previous amendments were almost 10 years old, the new revision is also based on this time.

The revision of the guidelines is mainly based on changes in the food consumption and dietary nutrition of our residents, as well as the major nutritional and health problems that exist.

Ma Guansheng introduced that in the past 30 years, China has conducted a nationwide representative nutrition survey every 10 years, and conducted investigations in 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2012 respectively. The National Health and Family Planning Commission announced in June 2015. Chinese Residents' Nutrition and Chronic Conditions (2015).

“Through these representative surveys, we can understand in a timely manner the main problems of food consumption, dietary nutrient intake, and nutritional health of our residents. This is the first point. Second, in recent years, the relationship between food, nutrition and health There was new discoveries and new evidence in the research. Third, the residents' demand for diet, nutrition, and health continued to grow. Several comprehensive reasons led to the revision of the guidelines.

Interpretation 2: What changes have taken place in the new edition of "Chinese Dietary Guidelines"?

As one of the drafters of the new guideline, Ma Guansheng believed that there was no subversive change in terms of content, but there were two obvious changes in the revision process.

First, the revised process is more standardized and scientific.

With reference to the World Health Organization's procedure for the revision of guidelines, this revised guideline sets out a procedure that is more normative and scientific from the entire process.

The second is to use the method of inquiry, based on the new research and new findings in the field of nutrition and health, to demonstrate the content of the dietary guidelines. "Including the search for published scientific literature, and reviewing, synthesizing, and analyzing these documents, and summing up evidence related to food consumption, behavior, and health relationships."

Change 1

Suggestions are more streamlined: 10 suggestions for nutrition change 6

In terms of content, the nutrition recommendations of the new guidebook have changed a lot. There were 8 articles in the 1989 and 1997 editions and 10 recommendations in the 2007 edition. However, the latest version of the nutrition suggestions was 6 recommendations, and each suggested 8 words. 48 words.

In terms of quantity, it seems to have decreased, but the actual content has not been reduced. In Ma Guansheng's view, the seemingly simple eight-character words are in fact words and phrases, rich in content, and make it easier for ordinary people to remember.

In fact, the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents are based on the dietary and nutritional aspects of the current Chinese residents. Corresponding recommendations have been made. Therefore, this version of the guideline also extends the practicality and operability of the previous guidelines. For the majority of residents.

Change 2

New edition highlights the concept of "balanced meals"

If you study the previous three guides, you will find that each version of the dietary guide has its focus. For example, the 1997 edition emphasized that you should eat more milk, beans, and calcium supplements.

In the latest edition of the guideline, the concept of “balanced diet and balanced nutrition” is more emphasized and highlighted. “But the consumption of milk and soybeans, consumption of vegetables and fruits, etc. that were emphasized in the past will continue to be emphasized.”

Ma Guansheng explained that “because the consumption of milk and soybeans by our residents has not increased in the past 10 years, the third guideline of the new edition has changed to more fruits and vegetables, milk, and soybeans, and some important problems must be emphasized.”

Change 3

New guide adds vegetarian meal

Each revision of the guidelines is an improvement over the original guidelines.

In the 2007 dietary guidelines, the population is divided into two categories, the general population and the special population. The general population refers to people older than 6 years old. In the latest edition of the guidebook, the general population range extends from more than 6 to more than 2 years old, and covers a larger population.

However, the biggest change compared to previous dietary guidelines is the addition of a vegetarian diet. In fact, vegetarianism has become a kind of fashion in recent years. Many residents in our country are vegetarian based on religion, belief, environmental protection, and health. Vegetarians, if the meal arrangement is unreasonable, prone to protein, vitamin B12, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron and zinc and other trace nutrients lack. Vegetarians should obtain high-quality protein by increasing the consumption of soybeans and soy products. They often eat whole grains, nuts, and bacteria and algae. They should also choose a variety of cooking oils to meet the needs of essential fatty acids.

Change 4:

The concept of "healthy weight" refers to the forefront of recommendations

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases.

Although the general public knows that obesity has more negative effects on the body, the rate of obesity in China has increased in the past decade, and the incidence of chronic diseases associated with it has also increased year by year.

It has become a consensus of the academic community to reduce the incidence of obesity through diet and exercise so as to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Therefore, in the past several editions of the guidebooks, there have been reminders to control weight and increase the amount of activity.

However, with the intensification of obesity, the concept of healthy weight needs more attention from the Chinese people. In the new guideline, this point has also been reflected and emphasized. Professor Ma told Phoenix Health that the concept of healthy weight was more emphasized in the new edition of the guidebook. "This time put it in the (proposal) second article."

Change 5

New edition first mentions controlling sugar intake

In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its sugar intake guidelines on its official website and updated its recommendations on sugar intake limits. The guidelines strongly recommend that children and adults be kept below 10% of their total energy intake in order to prevent obesity, dental caries and other health problems.

The new version of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents also refers to WHO's recommendations. For the first time, "sugar control" is added to the text of the proposal.

It is proposed to limit the intake of added sugar not exceeding 50 grams per day, preferably within 25 grams. Ma Guansheng explained that adding sugar refers to monosaccharides, disaccharides, or sugar alcohols added during the cooking and processing of foods. The main sources are sugar-sweetened beverages, cakes, and some sugared dishes. The intake of excessive amounts of sugar will increase. Increase the risk of developing dental caries, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Change 6:

Dietary nutrition pagoda has increased: new dishes and abacuses

Since the beginning of 1997, the China Nutrition and Dietary Guide launched the “Chinese Dietary Nutrition Pagoda” to inform the public of the best dietary mix, the best daily intake of egg milk, meat, vegetables and fruits.

In the past, every time a new guide was published, diet and nutrition pagodas would be fine-tuned to varying degrees. Taking the 2007 edition as an example, it was to add water intake to the 97 version.

According to Ma Guansheng, the 2016 version of the guideline continues its previous style. “The pagoda did not change its form, or the form of the pagoda. It only made minor adjustments to the recommended intake of food.” To be more visual, practical, and easy to understand And the operation, this time "has added two new graphics. One is a balance meal plate for Chinese residents, and the other is a balanced meal plan for children."

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