Watermelon Anti-toughness Abnormalities in Greenhouse
In recent years, Dongtai City greenhouse watermelon production process, often due to changes in the cultivation environment lead to abnormal melon development, there are deformities, empty holes, melon, sputum deterioration, umbilical rot, etc., resulting in reduced production and quality, should pay attention to prevention. Common misshapen head squash, flat melons, sharp-lipped melons, gourd melons. The development of the normal side of the head of the craniana was normal, and the development of the other side was stagnant, which was caused by the poor development of the factor room, uneven pollination, and poor fertilization. The horizontal diameter of the flat melon is larger than the longitudinal diameter, and the low-level female flowers are easy to form when the temperature is low during sitting or sitting. The peduncle part of the sharp-edged melon becomes thinner, the stem part expands, the nutrient supply during the melon enlargement period is insufficient, and the high-section melon seat is easy to form. The top of the gourd gourd is enlarged close to the flower pedicle, and closer to the stem of the fruit is the gourd-shaped, which is caused by poor fertilization. Prevention and control measures: In the 2 to 4 true leaf stage of flower bud differentiation, the night temperature in the shed is kept above 13°C, and the water and fertilizer supply is appropriate; the seated position of the melons is controlled, and the second to third female flower pollinations are selected to retain the melons and the plants are grown. Poorly postponed to stay in the guarana position, and vice versa, can be advanced; sunny days 8-10 hours for artificial pollination, rainy days can be postponed to 8-11 hours, the amount of pollination should be sufficient, pollination when the temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 30 °C, In order to increase pollen activity, if pollination of the female flower sag after pollination is successful the next day after pollination, pollination should be re-pollinated if the stem is still straight up or forward; turn the young melon in time to correct melon type; Add water and fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the best hose under the drip irrigation. The hole showed a crack in the melon, and formed a gap. In addition to being associated with the large fruit variety itself, sitting in the melon can easily produce cavities under conditions of excessive temperature and nitrogen fertilizer. Prevention and Control Measures: The greenhouse cultivation of watermelon should use small and medium-sized fruit varieties, such as Xiaolan, Te Xiaofeng, early spring red jade, early good (8424), etc.; sitting melon period temperature 25 ~ 35 °C during the day and keep 18 ~ 20 at night °C, properly postponing melon pitch under low temperature or drought conditions; pruning in time, generally using triple vine pruning; healthy ditch system to prevent continuous rainy weather from meeting with water and fertilizer leading to plant growth; melons with large eggs, melons, and head batches of melons Leave one for your strain. Cracked melons appear to produce cracks from the guati, and usually thin varieties and small fruit varieties are prone to occur. There are many reasons for this. First, the melon expands in the early stage when it encounters low temperatures. The development of the melon expands and then rapidly expands to cause fissuring of the melon. Second, improper watering during the late stage of melon enlargement to the harvesting stage causes unbalanced water absorption and evaporation. Third, the development of a certain stage of melon development is hindered. Suddenly, a large amount of water is poured to increase the soil moisture and cause melons to crack. Prevention and control measures: selection of suitable varieties; artificial pollination, as far as possible without hormone spray; melon expansion early in the temperature maintained at 20 °C above, appropriate amount of water, the best use of film under the hose drip irrigation; melon ripening period of high temperature and dry weather can be removed to the greenhouse Skirt membranes, retaining the top membrane, prohibit flood irrigation in the field; melon bagging, minimize collisions during picking and transport. The deterioration of tannins showed that the melons, especially the melons around the seeds, were water-stained, purple to brown, and ulcerated when severe. The main reason is that the rapid change in soil moisture causes the root activity to decline, and then causes high temperatures to cause the melon to produce ethylene, causing abnormal breathing and deteriorating the quality of the enamel. When the plants were infected with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, "water dipping" phenomenon also occurred. Prevention and control measures: Melon should be avoided sun exposure, if necessary, covered with straw; melon expansion period of organic fertilizer, combined with application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, timely watering or film under the hose drip irrigation; swelled melon water, timely ventilation, wait until After the water is completely infiltrated, raise the temperature, avoid drastic changes in the soil moisture and prevent the decrease of the root activity; timely control of the insects, aphids, and whiteflies, and spray copper acetate to prevent virus disease. The main manifestation of umbilical rot is the depression of the top of the melon and it turns dark brown. When the humidity is high, black fungus is found in the saprophytic bacteria. Melon swelling water deficiency and calcium deficiency prone to umbilical rot. Prevention and control measures: Increase the use of organic fertilizer and superphosphate; cover the surface of the film to promote flood protection, a balanced supply of water and fertilizer, timely drip irrigation under the membrane hose; leaf surface spray 1% superphosphate solution.
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