Straw microbial fermentation storage mechanization technology
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The technology of mechanically processing and microbial fermentation of crop stalks and storing them in certain facilities is called straw microbial storage and mechanization technology (hereinafter referred to as micro storage). Straw micro-storage is odor-flavored, and the palatability of livestock is good. It can be stored for more than one year in the natural environment. After dry wheat straw with very low nutritional value was stored, the organic acid increased by 807.69% and the protein increased by 10.67% compared with the control without micro-storage. Cellulose decreased by 14.15%, hemicellulose decreased by 43.86%, and lignin decreased by 10.24%. Using dry wheat straw, aminated wheat straw, and micro-storage wheat straw, the three-month group of 60 lambs of Xinao cultivars were tested for feeding for 60 days. The average weight of each sheep in the dry wheat straw group was reduced by 0.54 kg; The average weight gain of each wheat straw group was 1.81 kg, and the average weight gain of each wheat straw group was 2.04 kg. Feeding trials also showed that the average daily milk production of black-and-white cows fed micro-grain wheat straw was 14% higher than that of aminated wheat straw, and that of black-and-white-bred cattle increased by 13%. (I) Micro-storage processing procedures Production procedures of straw micro-feeds: (2) Supporting facilities for making straw micro-microbial feeds 1. Masonry and requirements for micro-cellars Micro-cellars should be selected for hard-dwelling soils, easy drainage, and groundwater The location is low, near the barn, and the place where the operation and access is convenient can be underground or semi-underground, and it is better to build a permanent cement cellar. The inner wall of the pit should be smooth and strong, and should have a certain degree of inclination (8 to 10 is appropriate for the angle with the vertical surface), so that the storage material at the corners can be compacted. Large and medium sized pits should have ramps where the tractor enters the pit. Family cattle and sheep can use existing silage and ammoniation pools. 2. Selection of Supporting Machines When storing rice straw, it is necessary to select a high-efficiency rake or a pulverizer, and cut it before entering the pit. If used for feeding cows, the cut length is 5-8 cm; the feeding sheep is 2-3 cm. When micro-storage of corn green yellow straw, in order to reduce nutrient loss, it is best to use green feed combine harvester. Where conditions do not permit, it can be divided into sections and equipped with efficient rakes. The cut length of corn stover should not exceed 3 cm. Compaction machines are generally tractors. The pressure relief pit shall ensure that the tractor does not leak oil, the walking part shall not contain mud, and a fire extinguisher shall be fitted on the exhaust pipe. Families raise cattle and sheep and can use human pressure. 2. The water content of rice, wheat and corn stalk after micro-storage in the spraying facility is required to reach 60% to 70%. Since these straws have a very low moisture content, it is necessary to supplement the moisture of the fungicide. Therefore, a set of spray equipment consisting of a water tank, a water pump, a water pipe and a spray head is required. The water tank capacity is suitable for 1000 ~ 2000 liters. The submersible pump is the best choice for the water pump and the hose is for the hose. Family cattle and sheep can be sprayed directly with a watering can. The moisture content of green corn stalk itself is generally about 70%. When the micro-storage is used, it is not necessary to replenish the plug with too much water, and it is only required to evenly spray the aqueous solution of the formulated bacterial agent on the storage material. Therefore, it is required that a spray device composed of a bacteria solution tank, a spray pipe and a control valve be provided on the tractor for compaction. Bacterate tank volume of 200 to 400 liters is appropriate. For cellars that cannot be easily compacted with tractors, they can be sprayed with a small backpack or a lever sprayer. (3) Technical requirements for production of straw micro-microbial storage Straw micro-storage is a widely applicable technology. Nearly all crop straws and leguminous grasses can be micro-reserved. In the following, the specific requirements for the production of rice, wheat and corn straw are taken as an example: 1. The short straw straw is best used for micro-storage crop straws. It is best to use fresh straw of the year, and it must not be mixed with molasses and sand and other impurities. . Prior to entering the pit, straws should be pruned according to the requirements described above. 2. Rejuvenation of fungicide and preparation of broth Before preparing broth, the amount of straw that can be processed on that day should be calculated according to the proportion listed in the technical requirements, and the amount of required bacterial agent should be calculated according to the technical requirements. The bacterial agent should be taken 1 to 2 hours before spraying. Dissolved in 2 to 5 liters of tap water, the strain can be revived after being left at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours. At the same time, the required amount of salt is weighed in the required ratio, dissolved in a water tank filled with tap water, and formulated in a salt solution with a concentration of 0.8% to 1%. At this time, calculate the amount of straw that can be sprayed in a box of salt water, and then calculate the number of milliliters of broth to be added to the salt water according to the calculated straw weight. After the bacteria solution has entered the salt water, it is circulated with a submersible pump so that the concentration is the same. This can be sprayed. Example: Micro-storage of 10 tons of wheat straw on the day, the preparation method is as follows: 1 According to the ratio of the table in Table 16 weighed 30 grams of straw fermentation live dry bacteria, dissolved in 2000 ml of tap water, placed at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours. 2 To make the moisture content of the storage material reach 60% to 70%, spray 1200 to 1400 liters of salt water per ton of straw. Assuming that the volume of the water tank is exactly 1200 liters, which means that this box of water is sprayed onto 1 ton of straw, then 200 ml of formulated liquid should be added to the brine. Note: The broth must not be used overnight and it must be used up on that day. 3. Spraying and compacting Before the first spraying, the pre-treated straw should be evenly spread into the bottom of the kiln. Its natural loose thickness is about 50 cm, and then the broth is sprayed according to the quantity and moisture content of the stored material, Compacted with a tractor. The storage of the stock and the spraying of the bacteria liquid must be uniform. Later, the thickness of each floor is kept at about 40 cm. In this way, one layer of each floor is laid, and a layer of compaction is sprayed on the floor until it reaches 40 cm above the pit. Regardless of the manner in which it is compacted, the degree of compaction at the corners must be ensured, and if necessary, manual compaction can be used. During the spraying and compaction process, it is necessary to check whether the moisture content of the micro straw is appropriate at all times and whether it is uniform throughout. Particular attention should be paid to the bonding of moisture between the layers, and no dry layer should appear. In addition to the moisture content measured by the instrument, it can be checked by hand. Grab micro-samples, twist with both hands, if there is water drops, the moisture content is about 80%; if there is no water droplets, after loosening to see the water on the hand is obvious, about 60%; Moisture (reflective) is 50% to 55%; if wet, it is 40% to 45%; if not, it is 40% or less. The nutritional value of rice straw is lower than that of corn straw. In order to provide enough nutrients for microbial fermentation, one layer of straw can be laid and a layer of barley flour or corn flour can be evenly distributed. 4. The process of cellar sealing can be performed according to the following procedure. Spray a box of liquid bacillus - compaction with a tractor for several hours - uniformly spread 250 grams of salt powder per square meter again compacted - cover plastic film - spread 40 cm thick hay - cover 10 to 15 cm thick Soil - pits dug trenches. 5. Fermentation and micro-storage quality identification. After cellaring, the fermentation process can be completed after 3 to 4 weeks. The quality of micro-feeds, according to its shape characteristics, with the look, smell and feel and other methods to identify. Look: The color of high-quality micro-green corn stalk is olive green, and rice straw is yellow-brown. If it turns black green or brown, the quality is poor. Sniff: Microbial feeds are preferably mellow, fruity and slightly acidic. If there is a strong acidity, it means that there is too much acetic acid, which is caused by excessive water and high temperature fermentation. If you have rancid butyric acid and musty taste, you can't feed it. Feel: The quality of micro-feed is very loose, soft and moist texture. Contrary to this, the touch is sticky or sticks together, indicating poor quality. Some of them are loose, but they are dry and hard and are also bad feed. 6. Open the cellar and open it from the end of the pit. First remove the part of the soil layer and grass layer covered on the top, then uncover the plastic film and take it vertically from top to bottom. After each withdrawal, the cellar shall be sealed tightly with plastic film to avoid contact with air to prevent secondary fermentation and deterioration. Microfeeds are best crushed with a high-humidity stalk crusher before feeding to make them into finely divided filaments to further increase animal feed intake and digestibility. (4) Precautions for Feeding Microbial Diets Microbial crop straws can be used as the main roughage in the diet of herbivores. The amount of daily feeding can be converted based on the amount of dry matter the animal can feed on a daily basis. When feeding, it should be matched with other feeds with rich nutritional value (such as alfalfa, oil residue, bran, etc.). There is an adaptation process at the beginning of feeding. Do not rush, gradually and gradually increase.