Herbage drying method
Autumn is the harvest season for forages. It is an important part of forage production to store forage grass feeds that are cut down, and it is also an important material basis for the development of animal husbandry production. The following experts will introduce you to several kinds of pasture drying methods. First, the natural drying method (1) Ground drying method. Also called the field is dry, the pasture is cut off in the same place or at a relatively high altitude. After about 4 to 6 hours, it is dried to a moisture content of about 40% to 50%, and is dried with a rake. Depending on the climatic conditions and the moisture content of pasture, weeding can be carried out to reduce the moisture of pasture to 35% to 40%. At this time, the leaves of pasture have not yet fallen off, and grasses are used to integrate grass piles of 0.5 to 1 meters high. The grass is loosely ventilated and reaches full dryness after 1.5 to 2 days. (2) Straw drying method. Hay modulation is performed on haystacks specially made. Hay racks are mainly wooden stands, tripods, wire racks and scaffolds. The castrated pasture is placed on a hay rack from top to bottom, and its thickness is no more than 70 cm. It is kept fluffy and has a certain slope for light and drainage. Although the straw drying takes a certain amount of material, the quality of the hay produced is good, and the nutrient loss is reduced by 5% to 10% compared with the ground drying. (3) Fermentation drying method. In wet and rainy areas, when the illumination time is short and the light intensity is low, it can not be modulated into hay by ordinary methods. It can be modulated by fermentation drying method. The castrated pasture is tiled and dried for a short period of time. When the moisture content is reduced to 50%, the layered grass is layered to a height of 3 to 5 meters. The layer of grasshopper is compacted layer by layer. The surface layer is covered with soil or mulch to make the pasture rapidly heated. The temperature in the grasshoppers rose to 60°C to 70°C in 2 to 3 days. All pastures died and the grasshoppers were opened. After the heat of fermentation was lost, they were air-dried or dried to produce brown hay, slightly fermented aromatic sour, and livestock. Like food. In case of rainy weather and continuous weather, it can be piled for 1 to 2 months. Once it is dry without rain, it is easy to dry. During the process of brown hay fermentation, due to the increase of temperature, the loss of nutrients was caused, and the impact on nitrogen-free extracts was the greatest, the loss was up to 40%, and the digestibility of nutrients was also reduced. Second, artificial drying method (1) Dry at normal temperature. Regardless of loose hay or hay bales, after stacking, air is blown into the air through the fence ventilation passages set in the haystacks to achieve drying. Ambient air blast drying is suitable for use during hay harvesting, where most days, mornings and evenings have relative humidity below 75% and temperatures above 15°C. In places with high relative humidity, the air used for blowing should be properly warmed. The quality of forage grass that was dried at normal temperature in the hay shed was better than that in the sunny field. (2) Rapid drying at high temperatures. High-temperature rapid drying commonly used dryer will quickly evaporate the water of the grass, the dryer has different models, some dryer inlet temperature of 75 °C ~ 260 °C. The outlet temperature is 25 °C ~ 160 °C, some dryer inlet temperature is 160 °C ~ 420 °C, outlet temperature is 60 °C ~ 260 °C. In a dryer with a fresh moisture content of 80% to 85%, the moisture can be reduced to 5% to 10% within minutes or even seconds. There is almost no effect on the nutrient content and digestibility of herbage. Third, other accelerated drying methods (1) Fractured grass stems accelerate drying. The length of drying time depends on the drying time of the stalk. The drying speed of the stem and the leaf is much slower. When legume leaves are dried to a moisture content of 15% to 20%, the stem moisture content is 35% to 40%. Therefore, accelerating the drying speed of stems can accelerate the whole drying process of pasture, and at the same time reduce the loss of leaves due to inconsistent stem and leaf drying. The pasture squashing machine is often used to crush the grass stems, destroy the epidermis of the stem cuticles, and destroy the vascular bundles of the stems to expose it, so that the evaporation rate of water in the stems is accelerated, and the drying speed of the stems can generally keep up with the drying speed of the leaves. Under good weather conditions, the time required for the stems to dry after fracturing is compared to the same type of pasture without fracturing, the former being only 1/2 to 1/3 of the time used by the latter. There are two types of hay balers, cylindrical and corrugated. The cylindrical compactor is equipped with a pick-up device. The compactor longitudinally crushes the grass stems, and the wave-type compactor has fracturing of the stems at certain intervals. After the pasture is cut, it is best to cut, fract and strip into a continuous operation at once. (2) The chemical drying agent accelerates drying. Certain chemical substances can accelerate the drying speed of legume grasses. Potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, long-chain fatty acid methyl esters and other substances are used more often to spray these substances. Legume alfalfa alfalfa destroys the epidermis of the forage, especially the waxy layer on the surface of the stem, promotes the dispersion of water in the forage, accelerates the drying speed in the field, shortens the drying time, reduces the leaf loss of alfalfa, and increases the protein content and dry matter yield. The digestive rate has also increased.
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