How to control the disease, how to prevent it?
Cultivating the same crop in the same plot for several consecutive seasons or years of planting is called continuous cropping or heavy cropping. Regardless of beans, garlic, or eggplants, melons and fruits, especially various economic crops, if continuous planting will generally lead to low crop survival rate, poor growth, low root activity, poor resistance, resulting in crop pests and diseases. Frequent, weak seedlings, reduced yield, and reduced quality. According to the data, the crop incidence rate of heavy plots is generally 10-30%, and the serious plots can be as high as 80-90%, while the yield reduction caused by heavy cropping is more than 20%, and the highest can reach 50% or even completely. ! Crop rickets have become an important topic that agricultural experts and farmers have been closely studying and paying attention to. So how does it happen in the end? How to prevent it? Repeated causes of disease 1. Soil pest pathogen enrichment Repeatedly, it will cause a large number of pathogens to remain in the soil and crop residues to increase the number of reproductions. When the harmful pathogenic microorganisms become dominant populations, the micro-ecological balance of soil and crop rhizosphere is destroyed, resulting in reduced probiotic population degradation. . When the cultivation is repeated, the seedlings are susceptible to disease because of their weak resistance. Such as soft rot of vegetables, blight, bacterial wilt of the Solanaceae, rickets, vines and other diseases, fruit and vegetables, root vegetables, roots, longitudinal cracks, undeveloped roots, are direct which performed. 2, causing crop growth and nutritional deficit Repeated years of heavy crops will cause a large number of crops to consume the favorite nutrients, resulting in a lack of certain nutrient elements (especially iron, manganese, zinc, boron and other trace elements), causing crops to produce deficiency, it will also cause crops not happy Or harmful element enrichment. According to the soil test, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil did not change much with the increase of the age of heavy tiller, while the content of trace elements in available zinc and boron decreased, and the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium decreased significantly. The annual reduction of each acre is 20mg/kg. 3, self-toxic inhibition of crop growth The so-called self-poisoning phenomenon refers to the accumulation and accumulation of toxic substances such as organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc. in the process of decay and decomposition of residues of straws, branches and leaves in the former crops, and the growth and development of the lower crops. Produces significant inhibition. For example, the root rot of cucumber seedlings caused by the decay of cucumber residues, the alcohol extract has a significant inhibitory effect on the seed germination and radicle growth of soybean seeds. 4. Irrational application of chemical fertilizers In the process of crop fertilization, persistent blind or excessive use of chemical fertilizers, resulting in soil degradation, salinization, compaction and other land degradation, can also lead to crop bifurcation. Significant features of repeated diseases 1, crop weak seedlings, dead cockroaches, rotten roots: such as greenhouse vegetables, peanuts, potatoes, ginger, onions, asparagus, strawberries, fruit trees and other crops generally appear weak seedlings, rotten roots, dead cockroaches. 2, crop production dysplasia: such as garlic dry tip, a small single head; green onions dry tip, scallion and thin black; onion block small warp ugly. The leaves of the leek are fine and fall down; the asparagus is lodging, the taste is bitter; the carrot is short and the fork is deformed; the strawberry is small and the late-maturing is deformed; the melon is thin and the leaves are small and shrinking; the fruit is difficult to bear, the fruit is ugly; the watermelon water瓤, melon rips; fruit trees premature aging, rotten branches flow gum; fruit is sick, leaf color is not correct. 3. The amount of fertilizer needed to be increased or decreased, and the output is declining: the soil is not fed enough, the amount of fertilizer is increasing, and the crop yield is decreasing year by year. For example, if the fruit yield is reduced by 20-40%, the vegetable yield is reduced by 30-50%, and in severe cases, the yield is reduced by more than 50%. Repeat disease prevention and control measures: First, the implementation of rim intercropping planting mode Rational rotation and intermixing, intercropping and intercropping systems are the most direct and simple methods to prevent and cure diseases, and they are replaced once every 2-3 years. The implementation of water and drought rotation can better achieve prevention and prevention. Second, the selection of resistant varieties Select crop varieties with strong resistance and disease resistance to improve the physiological immunity of crops. Salinized or alkaline soil, can grow crops with strong salt tolerance, such as spinach, celery, leeks, eggplant, etc.; acidic soil, you can choose oil-resistant crops such as water spinach, steamed bread, watercress, etc. Variety to reduce the serious harm of serious diseases. Third, disinfect the soil The use of thiazolyl, carbendazim and other agents, and the use of high temperature and flooding treatment methods to eliminate or reduce soil pathogens and pests is also an effective measure to eliminate heavy diseases. Fourth, scientific fertilization, increase the application of organic fertilizer On the one hand, the application of organic fertilizer, cooked soil fertilizer of 4000-5000 kg per mu, can improve soil trait structure, cultivate soil fertility, inhibit the action of harmful pathogenic bacteria; on the other hand, accurate fertilization of soil testing formula can be carried out. On the basis of avoiding blind fertilization and excessive fertilization, timely supplement the micro-nutrient elements in the soil. V. Grafting technology and soil transplanting Grafting can improve the crop roots absorption characteristics, change the endogenous hormone content, enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the crops, and improve the protective enzyme activity. In addition, when crops are transplanted with soil, the disease can be greatly reduced.
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