How to make grape high yield early maturing

1. The new shoots of Baohua and Baoguo are heavy

How to make grape high yield early maturing

Under normal growth conditions, the nutrients of the shoots that have not been picked up are mainly transported to the point of growth at the tip of the new shoot, prompting the growth of new shoots. After topping, the growth point at the front end is removed and the new shoot is stopped from extending. The direction of transport of nutrients is also changed from the front end to the branches and leaves below the topping center. Therefore, the nutrients after topping can be used for the enlargement and thickening of the leaves to prevent flowering and fruit drop to improve the fruiting rate. And to promote the bud eye full, flower bud differentiation, dendrite enrichment, improve lighting conditions have a good effect.

Dropping heavy fruit varieties such as purple rose and Kyoho, etc., the general level of picking the heavier, picking the heart start earlier, the specific operation should be thorough and thorough. The result requires the branches to leave 5 to 6 leaves above the ear for 6 to 7 days before flowering to remove the top. After topping, the auxiliary shoots germinate one after another. Except for the top of the sub-apical leaves, leave 4 leaves to pick the heart, leaving the other side to leave 1 leaf topping. After the second sub shoot is still left, a leaf topping is still left. At the same time, the development branch should be picked up at the same time. It can leave 10 to 12 leaves according to the growth strength. This method applies to most varieties.

2. Sparse Spikes and Flower Spikes

In order to make the grape high-yield and high-quality, artificially sparse a part of redundant and poorly developed flowering spikes before flowering, so as to reduce the nutrient competition between the flowering spikes at flowering stage, and improve the fruit setting rate of leaving high-quality flowering spikes. After the flower heads were trimmed, the amount of adjustment results, and granules were used to maintain a reasonable ratio of ear area and leaf area (new shoots).

(1) Spikelets

From the point of view of reducing the loss of tree nutrients, of course, the earliest sparse spikes are better, but the premature inflorescences are not yet stretched, and it is difficult to fully identify the quality of the spikes, so the sparse spikes are usually completed after inflorescence stretching and before flowering. .

On the basis of the production of the entire park, the differences between Wangshu, Zhongyong, and the weak tree are distinguished. Distribute production by strain. Such as Kyoho more than 17 degrees sugar content and fully coloring, compact ears, the average fruit weight 10 grams, yield 1000 kg / acre requires a tip ratio of 2:1. Wangshu leaves more ears, and weak trees leave less ears. The sparse fruit sparse the sparse tree after the sparse tree, and adjusted the tree vigor with flower spikes.

According to the growth potential of the new shoots, 2 to 2.5 spikes are left in the shoots of Wangchang, 1 ear of flowers is left in Zhongyong, 1 is left in weak branches, and the thin and weak branches of 5 to 6 leaves are not. Leave flower spikes for the preparation of branches.

When selecting flower spikes, the flower spikes were selected to be large, development was well-ordered, and inferior flower spikes with poor floral development, small spikes, and fine stems were removed.

Due to the severe drop of the Kyoho system, the number of flower spikes before flowering should be strictly controlled. It is also possible to reduce the number of fruit spikes to control the yield when the Kyoho falls.

(2) Trimming flower spikes

There are hundreds of flowers and even thousands of flowers on the grape flower ear, about 537 on the giant peak and 2266 on the new rose. If it is allowed to open naturally, nutrients are scattered and the fruit setting rate is low. Spike trimming is to spam a portion of poorly developed buds with poor quality and reduce the competition between florets. At the same time, the use of shear stimulation stimulated the organic nutrient of the tree to flow toward the flower spikes to increase the fruit setting rate. Trimming the spikes removes long spikelets and shoulders, making flower heads consistent in flowering, consistent in ripening, and uniform in appearance. They become standardized, standardized, easy to pack, and sell high-quality goods.

Spike trimming should start from 5 to 7 days before flowering and start 1 to 2 rounds of spikelets. Premature flower spikes are inconvenient for identification, and the effects of late flowering are not good.

When operating in the field. Remove the shoulders (or vice ears) and the tips of the spikes from the stretched spikes, leaving only 12 to 14 spikelets well-developed in the middle, about 8 to 10 centimeters in diameter, and 12 to 14 flowers in the middle portion of the moderate meandering shoots. Spike about 10 cm. Due to the differences in the size of the panicles, the size of the grains, and the size of the fruit grains, the trimming of flower spikes was slightly different among the varieties.

3, fruit thinning

The difference in fruiting rate among different grape varieties is very different. Although the fruiting rate is low, the variety affects the yield and appearance of the fruit. However, the fruiting rate is too high and the fruit is often too tight and squeezed or even deformed, affecting the appearance of the ear. The feeding will affect the disease prevention and management of the ear (spraying less than the gap between the fruits), removing some of the dense fruit particles to make the density moderate, and increase the remaining fruit size. To improve the quality of the fruit. This measure is particularly important for fresh food products, and fruit thinning may not be performed on processed varieties.

After fruiting and fruiting are stopped, the fruit particles fall between the size of the soybeans and the size of the peanuts. At this time, the number of fruit set is a foregone conclusion.

(1) Sparse fruit:

This method is more meticulous and time-consuming, according to the density of a grain of each part, a grain of sparse, first sparse small fruit and deformed fruit, and then sparse densely squeezed fruit. The degree of fruit thinning depends on the characteristics of the variety and the size of the fruit. It requires that the fruit be fully developed after fruit thinning. When the fruit is ripe, the fruit of the whole ear grape will be dense without being squeezed, giving a plump shape and appearance, and a large fruit size. Well-proportioned feeling.

(2) Sparse branches:

This method is more labor-saving and can eliminate small branches on the ear. A small branch usually has 3 to 5 pieces of fruit, and sparse a small branch to make a larger space, in actual operation, two kinds of The method can be combined, first sparse a few small branches in the dense place, and then sparse the dense singles.

Spalling time and method: 15 to 25 days after flowering, the fruit is about the size of soy bean, this operation. Due to the difference between the standard of fruit stability and the size of the fruit in different varieties, the number of remaining grains is also different. If you take the giant peak as an example: Standard fruit weight 350 to 400 grams, single grain weight 10 to 12 grams. So leave about 35 grains per pan. When sparse grains are first eliminated, pests, fruits, fruit cracks, and fruit with abnormal shape are eliminated. And then dredged too big, no seeds and small fruit. Choose to keep the size of the fruit in the same order.

4, ear bagging

Ears are bagged, that is, after the grapes are set, the fruit is like a soybean, and the ear is trapped in a paper bag made of a special paper bag or an old newspaper to protect it.

Bagging can effectively prevent or reduce the infection and damage caused by black pox, white rot, anthrax, and sunburn. In particular, special measures to prevent anthrax are also effective in preventing white rot. It can effectively prevent or reduce the damage of various pests, such as bees, flies, mosquitoes, whiteflies, thrips, beetles, sucking fruitworms, and birds; it can effectively avoid or reduce fruit contamination by drugs and residual drug accumulation; Makes the skin smooth and delicate, fruit powder thick, improve the fruit color vividness, fruit appearance, high commodity.

It should be pointed out that the light in the bag is poor and the coloring is slower. The ripening period should be postponed by 5 to 7 days. The sugar content of fruits and vitamin C should be slightly decreased. It is more laborious and increases the cost of paper bags.

Production practice has proved that bagging is more profitable and less harmful, and it is a low-cost, effective measure.

(1) Bagging period

After the fruit granules and the big fruit treasure or gibberellin are treated, they are bagged and the young fruit resembles the size of the soybean. Anthracnose is a latent disease. If it rains after flowering, the spores can infiltrate into young fruit and wait until the berry begins to ripen. Symptoms occur and the berries decay. In order to reduce the infection of young fruit pathogens, bagging should be sooner rather than later.

(2) Bagging materials and production

There are two kinds of paper bags used in production in China.

1 old newspaper bag: There are three specifications, A. A large newspaper is 4 bags long, 28 cm long and 19 cm wide. It is used to consolidate ear, thinning fruit, and weigh about 500 grams of fruit; B. A large newspaper is made of 3 bags, 28 cm long and 26 cm wide. It is used for large ear cultivation. The ear has a weight of 500.700 grams. C. A large newspaper is made of 2 bags, 38 cm long and 28 cm wide. It is used for extra large spikes with a weight of 700 grams or more.

The old newspaper bag was sewn with a sewing machine, and it was sewn together. There were three approaches to the bottom: full sewing, half stitching, and empty. One half of the seam is good, half is left as a hole seam, which is convenient for checking ripeness of the ear during the mature period; the whole seal lives at the mature period of the ear to break the bag for inspection; all empty, beetles and other pests will also invade the hazard. Some paste paste, not desirable, easy to break in the rain bag, in the Meiyu paste easy to produce mold.

2 Wax white paper bag: commonly used in Japan, the domestic has introduced a trial, specifications 26.5 cm 18.5 centimeters (equivalent to a large newspaper to do 4 bags), can prevent disease, but also add light. A 6-cm-long thin wire is buried in one end of the bag mouth, which is easy to operate. There are 3 cm holes on the left and right sides of the bag for ventilation.

In view of our country’s national conditions, from the perspective of reducing costs and increasing economic efficiency, we should first promote old newspapers and newspapers, and 5,800 grams of old newspapers can produce 1,000 bags, and the cost will be constrained by two points. Calculated for every 666.6 square meters (mu) according to 3,000 ear, the cost is about 60 yuan. Conditional waxing white paper bags are available, but the cost is higher, with 6,000 ears of 666.6 square meters (mu), and the cost of the bag is nearly dry.

(3) Bagging method

The pouch mouth material can be pinched by a thin wire or it can be stapled. The mouth of the bag should be placed on the shoot or on the handle. Be careful to prevent breaking the ear. Pouch mouth can not have pores, otherwise the rain will flow into people's bags will be infected with bacteria. Generally about 100 hours can be bagged in one hour. Some use plastic belts, hemp skins, thick threads, etc., which are too slow and undesirable.

(4) Bag removal period

In addition to bagging time, depending on the weather during the ripening period, if the weather is not ripe when it is about to mature, you can remove bags or tear bags 2 to 3 days in advance to improve the light, promote coloring and maturation; but an orchard should not be disposable bag removal Or break bags, because the grape began to color, in addition to bags or broken bags mature quickly, must be divided according to sales arrangements in batches or broken bags, or sales can not keep up, over-ripe (purple black) will reduce the quality of the fruit. If the weather is not normal at the ripening stage, it is advisable not to remove the bag or break the bag in advance until it is mature. Even if the bag is taken together and transported to the interior to remove the whole bag, the loss can be reduced. In mountainous areas, semi-mountainous chafers, sucking fruitworms, and bird pests, it is not advisable to remove bags or break bags in advance.

Precautions

1 Before bagging, it is necessary to carefully spray the fungus and insecticide on the ear to prevent the damage of the disease in the bag. If large fruit treasure dipping fruit is used, the disease-preventing medicine can be incorporated into the big fruit treasure according to the prescribed concentration, and the effect is better. After the ear is dry, grasp the bag tightly.

2 during bagging time check. If the bag breaks due to wind and rain, or if the bag bursts due to swelling of the fruit, it should be replaced in time.

3 If the bag is removed in advance or the bag is broken, spray 10% Shi Baoling Suspension 1500 times and other fungicide to protect the ear, especially after the bag breaks, to prevent the sudden occurrence of anthrax caused by anthrax. The effect is better.

5, grape ring

Ring circumcision, that is, ring peeling, cut the bark horizontally with a knife on the grape vine, and peel off the complete circle of skin (do not injure the xylem, the girdling width is generally about 3 to 5 mm), and thus completely Block the downward transport of nutrients in shoots, increase accumulation of assimilation nutrients and phytohormones above the ring, strengthen the nutrition of organs, especially inflorescences and spikes, to promote fruit set, increase fruit size and/or premature maturation Effect.

Ringing area:

In general, girdling can be performed on new shoots (resulting shoots), resulting mother shoots, main vines or trunks. However, girdling on the result branch (width of about 3 to 4 mm) is easily broken due to tender and tender shoots. In the perennial main vine or short girdling, because the surface is not neat, rough skin, etc. is also more difficult to carry out, and the wound is not easy to heal. Therefore, in the production of more applications is the backbone and the results of the mother girdling. The girdling on the trunk will affect the entire plant, and the girdling on the resulting mother branch will only affect the part above the ring. Gringo has a considerable application in grape production in some countries.

The purpose and period of circumcision

(1) Promotion of fruit setting In most cases, the unfertilized flowers in the inflorescence after the flowering of the grapes fall off quickly, or form fruit (pollination but not fertilization). Under the stimulation of girdling and strengthening nutrition, unfertilized flowers can be promoted to set fruit and reduce fruit drop, thereby increasing ear weight and yield. For this reason, girdling should be carried out during flowering or immediately after flowering.

(2) The increase of fruit size is mainly used in non-nucleation white and other non-nucleated varieties, and the effect of girdling on nucleated varieties is very small. During the circumcision period, according to the experience of California, it should be carried out immediately after the drop of the seedless varieties. This happens when the peel cells are rapidly dividing and the fruit grows rapidly. If the anaesthesia is postponed, the effect of increasing the size of the fruit is reduced, and the later the circumcision is, the smaller the effect is. (3) Premature girdling can promote fruit coloring and accelerate maturation of nucleated cultivars, such as red row, red Malaga and Ribier, but this is not valid for nucleus-free varieties. According to California experience, circumcision should be carried out at the very beginning of maturity (the maturing period).

When girdling, please pay attention to the following points:

1 The circumcision period should be appropriate, and the timing of girdling for different purposes is different, but the grape girdling can not be later than the middle of July, so as to prevent the circumcision from normal healing before entering the winter.

2 The width of girdling should be appropriate. The width of girdling of grape branches depends on the thickness of the twigs and should generally be within the width of the healing that year.

3 Generally, the result is a circumcision object. It is not appropriate to carry out girdling on the main vine. For the newly-replaced species, the tails were left under the girdling loops, and for the two-branch renewal species, girdling was only performed on the resulting branches, but not on the preparatory branches.

4 Circumcision is only applicable to plants that grow vigorously, and avoid girdling for too weak, too thin plants and branches.

5 Circumcision only affects the transportation direction of nutrients. The high yield and high quality of grapes cannot be achieved only by one girdling technique. Gap lining must be coordinated with other agricultural technical measures to achieve the intended purpose.

6, gibberellin induction seedless fruit technology

Gibberellin (GA) is a kind of plant growth regulator. It can induce the formation of non-nuclear kernels, increase the yield, improve the quality, and mature earlier than before.

7, grape chemical ripening

Ethephon is a fruit ripening agent and is a commonly used drug for early coloring. Its concentration and time vary with the variety when it is used, and it is generally applied at the initial stage of berry ripening, 100 to 500 mg/L. The colored variety is used when the 5% to 15% of the fruit begins to be colored, and can mature 5 to 12 days in advance. Tests have shown that at the beginning of fruit ripening, the Kyoho cultivars will be sprayed with 250 to 300 mg/l ethephon to induce early maturation for 6 to 8 days. However, the use of ethephon results in separation of the particles and stalks resulting in shredding. Therefore, we must master the concentration, spraying in stages, harvesting in stages, and selling in stages to prevent loss.

The optimum concentration of ripening for different grape varieties is different, and the production must be tested to determine the optimal concentration and method of treatment.

In recent years, Japan has used abscisic acid (ABA) to ripen the Kyoho grape and promote fruit coloring. The effect is also very obvious. The method is to use 100-200 mg/L ABA to spray cloth when the fruits begin to ripen, which can promote the coloring and maturation of the red varieties of Hong Mi, Pioneer, and Jingchuan, and also improve the sweetness of the fruit.

In addition to promoting the ripening of grapes, production is also sometimes purposefully delayed by delaying the ripening of the grapes to prolong the supply of grapes. The common chemical used to delay the ripening of grapes in the world is ATOA (2 - thiazolyloxy acetic acid), which is usually sprayed with 10 to 100 mg/L of liquid during the period from young fruit growth to maturity. The higher the concentration, the more effective the delay of maturation, but it must be noted that the grape leaves are more sensitive to this drug, generally more than 20 mg/L can form phytotoxicity, and care must be taken not to spray the liquid onto the leaves.

1000Hz High Frequency LiDAR System

JRT High Frequency Range LiDAR Sensor is 2021 new product, that's a low-cost tof sensor but High frequency (up to 1000Hz). With 5cm high accuracy, the LiDAR Module can measure 80m.

Why the 1000Hz High Frequency LiDAR System:
* Widely used in many industrial automation system, like, UAV, delivery van, anti-lock break system, construction automation,intelligent toy robots etc.
* Small size: 43*35*21mm, can be easily integrated
* Invisible laser design: the laser type is 905nm,Class I
* High Frequency: 1000hz/1khz
* Low power design

Chengdu JRT Main Ranging Modules: Industrial Laser Distance Sensor, Laser Distance Meter Module, Tof LiDAR Sensor.

lidar sensor,tof sensor,lidar system

Chengdu JRT Meter Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.infrareddistancesensor.com