Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of bitter gourd
Bitter gourd has wide adaptability, like warmth, heat resistance, moisturizing, fear of rain, and resistance to fertilizer. Winter and spring cultivation is generally planted in early November of last year and planted in early December. First, the variety It is suitable for local planting varieties with good quality, high yield and strong resistance. For example, the new varieties of Taiwanese farmers' company: Cuiyu, Xiuhua, Bixiu, and the local sweet and bitter gourd. Second, sowing seedlings Cultivating strong seedlings is the basis for the cultivation of bitter gourd to obtain high yield and quality. The bitter gourd seed skin is thick, hard, and difficult to germinate. The suitable temperature is the key to cultivating bitter gourd seedlings. The specific method is: seed disinfection, soaking with 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 30min, or soaking for 40h with 40% formalin 150 times aqueous solution. After disinfection, rinse with clean water to remove the liquid. Then, use a clean pot to put 50 °C warm water equivalent to 5 times the seed volume, put the seeds in one direction for 15 min, then continue to soak for 12 h, and change the water twice. The seeds soaked in water were washed with water, wrapped in wet sand cloth, and germinated at a constant temperature of 30 °C. In the process of germination, rinse with water every day. After 3 days, more than 80% of the seeds are germinated and sown in the nutrient bowl. Spray ethephon once to the center of the two leaves at a concentration of 150-300 ppm. Sprayed after 4:30 pm on a sunny day, the action is faster when spraying. Leave a few trees and do not spray, provide male flowers. The buckwheat is sprayed with ethephon, which can increase the female flower, because the bitter gourd is a parthenocarp. Generally, the male flower is first, and the female flower is followed by more male flowers and less female flowers. Third, colonization 1. Site preparation Bitter gourd is the most difficult to make. In principle, it is necessary to select fields that have not been planted with cucurbitaceae vegetables in recent years. The field is to be deeply ploughed, sun-dried, and fertilized on the ground. The base fertilizer is applied to the fermented farmyard manure 4000-5000kg per mu. After fertilization, a shallow ploughing should be carried out to mix the fertilizer with the soil, and then ditch the soil. Then apply 100kg of calcium per acre and 150kg of cake fertilizer into the planting ditch, and then fill the soil. 2, colonization Generally, when the seedling grows to the heart of the three leaves, it can be planted. The planting density should be determined according to soil fertility and variety. The planting specifications are: row spacing 1.85-2.00m, plant spacing 55-60cm, planting 560-650 plants per acre. The depth of transplanting should be based on the flat ground of seedling cotyledons. When transplanting, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting strong seedlings, no pests and diseases, and intact roots. After the transplanting, the root water should be poured in time to terminate the seedlings early, and the early growth and early results. Fourth, field management 1. Cultivating weeding Bitter gourd is a long-growing vegetable, usually adopting an elevated vine cultivation method. For this reason, we should pay attention to cultivating loose soil in the early stage, and we must pay attention to weeding in the later stage. Generally, after the planting and pouring of the seedling water, the first cultivating is performed when the topsoil is dry and not sticky. When cultivating, the base of the seedlings should not be loosened, and the area far away from the seedlings can be deeply cultivated to increase soil permeability. The second cultivating can be carried out 10-15 days after the first time. This time, the ploughing cannot be carried out deeply, and the new roots should be protected. It is not suitable for cultivating in the future, but pay attention to timely removal of weeds, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field and reduce pests and diseases. 2, scaffolding After transplanting the seedlings, when the melons start to climb, they should be laid in time. It is advisable to use the "people" frame. The "human" frame has great support and is resistant to wind. 3, pruning Bitter melon has strong branching ability. If there are too many side branches, it will consume a lot of nutrients and hinder the normal growth of bitter gourd. Therefore, plant adjustment can concentrate nutrition to promote the growth of the main vine, which is conducive to flowering results. The specific method is: in the initial stage of plant extension, the main vines are artificially tied to the vines, the vines are put on the shelves, the side branches of the main vines below 50cm are all removed, and the 5-5 strong vines are used as the vines, and the rest are All removed, each vine will leave 2-3 Sun Mangan. When the main vine grows to 1-1.3 m, the heart should be removed, and the tendril and part of the male flower should be removed when snoring. During the late growth of bitter gourd, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the results are many. Generally, the plants are no longer snoring. In the late growth stage, the plants begin to age. It is necessary to remove the excessively closed and weak side branches, as well as the old leaves and yellow leaves, to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and delay the harvesting period. Bitter gourd is a cross-pollination, and artificial-assisted pollination should be carried out when necessary. The best pollination time is 8-9 am. 4, fertilizer management Bitter gourd has more female flowers in the middle and late stages, and can continue to flower and continue to harvest. Therefore, bitter melon consumes a large amount of water and fertilizer in the whole life. In addition to applying the base fertilizer, it is necessary to topdress in time. If there is no rain in the day, it should be poured once every 2-3 days, and once every time the water is poured, the fertilizer is poured with water, 15kg of urea is used, or 20kg of ammonium sulfate; or 40kg of compound fertilizer, or 15kg of ammonium nitrate can be poured with water. . In the fruiting period, 3-4 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, each time using 15kg of calcium and 20-25kg of potassium sulfate. At the beginning of the results, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the foliar surface, and 100 g of water is sprayed with 50 kg of water. Summer and bitter gourd, it is generally not suitable to use dilute water, because the heat is hot. In the middle and late stages of the results, if the fertilizer is insufficient, the plants are weak, the flowers are small, the fruits are small, the bitterness is concentrated, and the quality is degraded. This should be avoided. 5. Pest control There are many pests and diseases of bitter gourd, mainly including downy mildew, powdery mildew, viral diseases, aphids, melon flies and the like. Control points: (1) use disease-resistant varieties for seed disinfection; (2) timely rotation, timely removal of field weeds; (3) application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; (4) chemical control: 75% chlorothalonil 600 2 times; 25% powder rusting 2000 times; 90% fox cream 500 times; 50% powder frost 1000 times; 2.5% chlorflurin 1500 times; 10% more than 1500 times. When applying the medicine, the medicine should be used alternately, and the spray should be fine and even, especially the back and growth points of the leaves should be re-sprayed. 6, timely harvest The standard of bitter gourd harvesting is not strict, and it can be eaten by old and tender. However, in order to ensure the quality of the product, the melon can be harvested more, which can be harvested 12-16 days after flowering. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Patient Monitors,Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor,Portable Patient Monitor,Multi Parameter Vital Monitor Medton Medical , https://www.medton.cn