Detoxified pigs can save 15 human organs and have lived in Yunnan for more than 4 months.
The reporter saw the piglets at the Southwest Biodiversity Laboratory in Kunming. Because they are medical, they are highly hygienic and environmentally demanding, and journalists are not allowed to approach them. Looking far away, the pigs have black head and hips, white back and waist, and the appearance is roughly the same as that of giant pandas. They are lively, very clean and lovable. Recently, the world's first endogenous retrovirus-inactivated pigs have been born, which fundamentally solves the risk of heterologous virus transmission of pig organs for human transplantation, and is of great significance to future human health. This major breakthrough in the global scientific community was led by the American biotechnology company eGenesis. But little known is that these piglets were actually born in the Southwest Biodiversity Laboratory in Yunnan, China. Currently, the world's first endogenous retrovirus-inactivated pigs have survived more than 4 in Yunnan Agricultural University. month. This means that xenotransplantation has taken a crucial step, and heterogeneous organ transplants that have been stagnant for 12 years due to safety problems or will usher in spring. "Detoxification" pigs solve medical problems According to incomplete statistics, about 2 million people worldwide need organ transplants every year, but the number of organ donations is much lower than the demand. One way to address the gap in organ transplantation is voluntary donation, the second is artificial organs, and the third is heterologous organ transplantation. In fact, as early as 1905, French researchers conducted the world's first xenotransplantation surgery, implanting rabbit kidney into children with renal failure. The operation was successful, but the child died of a lung infection 16 days later due to rejection. Later, researchers from all over the world gradually joined the research on xenotransplantation. The advantage of xenotransplantation is that animal organs are inexhaustible and more natural and biological than artificial organs; however, xenotransplantation also has problems such as rejection. Pig organs are similar in size and function to humans and are considered to be the most likely to become allogeneic organs that can be transplanted into humans. But in the 1990s, researchers found that pig organs were immune-rejected in the human body; and the sequence of endogenous retroviruses in the pig's genome also poses a potential health risk to the human body. Endogenous retrovirus refers to a virus embedded in the genome of a cell. It is not toxic in pigs, but when pig cells are in contact with human cells, the virus "jumps" from the pig's genome to humans. In the genome. The most typical example of heterologous virus transmission is the spread of HIV from primates to humans. Therefore, the World Health Organization has ordered that all clinical trials of heterogeneous organs be stopped before a solution is found. In November 2016, Professor Wei Hongjiang's research team from Yunnan Agricultural University and the United States eGenesis Dr. Yang Wei and Harvard Medical School Professor George Church formed a joint research group and began research. The US research team used a new generation of gene technology to target all endogenous viral activities in pig cells. First, 25 gene loci were achieved in pig primary fibroblasts using gene editing techniques and small molecule drugs. At the same time, the target is to remove the endogenous retrovirus in the pig genome; then, like the cloned sheep Dolly, the pig embryos cloned from the genetically edited pig fiber cells are implanted into the sow, and finally the world's first Batch of "non-toxic" piglets for organ transplantation. Subsequently, Wei Hongjiang's research team successfully obtained the first batch of pigs without virus activity through nuclear transfer cloning technology. “The first batch of 37 endogenous retrovirus-inactivated pigs have survived, and 15 of them survive,†Wei Hongjiang said. “They are the biggest for more than 4 months, the smallest for more than a month, and they are well cared for every day. Many have just weaned, they all have to eat a balanced, high-protein feed." Examination of these piglets showed that the endogenous retroviruses in their genome did disappear completely, and no physiological differences were found compared to normal piglets. This means that in addition to being "non-toxic," they can also produce "normal" organs. Of course, there are still many problems to be solved in order to truly realize the transplantation of pig organs into the human body. For example, the problem of immune rejection in organ transplantation. Wei Hongjiang said that the research team plans to continue to transform the genome on the basis of this batch of pigs in order to solve the problem of immune rejection and strive to realize the clinical application of xenotransplantation at an early date. It is reported that the result was recently published in the world's top academic authoritative magazine Science. The project was funded by the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department's Yunnan Basic Research Project and the Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talent Project. (Yunan Net)
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