Misuse of Maintenance Electrical Equipment
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2. It takes too long to use the electric starter. The electric starter has a current of several hundred ampere at the moment of operation. Because there is no scattered heat device in the electric starter, the working time is too long, which may cause the electric starter to burn around the coil. Therefore, do not use the electric starter more than 5 to 10 s each time.
3, continue to use the damaged diodes. When the silicon-rectified generator is found not to generate electricity or the charging current is small, it may be caused by the damage of the diode. After the inspection, it should be replaced immediately. If it continues to be used, one or two phases of the stator winding will be burned.
4, blindly increase the pressure regulator, spring limiter spring pull. Some drivers think that the larger the charging current, the better, and blindly increase the spring tension of the voltage regulator and the current limiter to increase the output current. As a result, the generator heats up due to overload, and the battery shortens its service life due to overcharge. Normally it should charge 1/10 of the battery capacity.
5. The electrolyte was not adjusted according to the seasonal temperature change. This will make the battery plate unable to work in the electrolyte with the best specific gravity, which will greatly shorten its service life. In addition, it is easy to cause the electrolyte to freeze during the winter and swell the battery.
6. The silicon rectifier generator does not pay attention to ground polarity when installing the battery. This will short-circuit the battery due to the conduction of the diode, causing the silicon diode to burn quickly. Therefore, when the battery is installed, the positive and negative poles of the battery must be correctly identified.
7. When using the steering flasher, use it alone. When commissioning the steering flasher, it must be used in conjunction with the light and cannot be used alone. Because the flasher works in series with the light and works through the role of the coil, there is a heating element such as a resistance wire. If added directly to the flasher, the flasher will immediately burn.
8, check whether the silicon-rectifier generator power generation method. When using conventional DC generators, it is customary to check the generator for power generation using the fire-striking method. If a silicon-rectified generator is installed, this must not be done. Because of the short circuit current, the diode will be burned.
9, remove the regulator and the generator's ground wire. The locomotive electricity system is a single-wire circuit, so many drivers mistakenly believe that the connection of the generator and the regulator can be omitted (using the body as a sideline). However, there are oil stains, paint, etc. on the machine body, and there is a certain resistance between the generator and the regulator, so that the current to the two parallel coils of the regulator cannot increase with the increase of the generator voltage, resulting in that the closure platinum contact cannot be Closed and 1 ohm resistor burned without charging. Therefore, the ground wire of the regulator and generator should not be removed.
10. Simply attach the regulator to the locomotive. Instead of being vertically mounted as it were, this will cause the regulator platinum contacts to vibrate due to uneven road surfaces or locomotive vibrations. Affect the quality of power generation and work stability.
11, charging time is too long. The battery capacity is limited, if you continue to charge after sufficient electricity, the stored energy will not increase, the charging current is only in the electrolytic water. Prolonged overcharging can also cause the active material on the plate to fall off, accelerating the self-discharge of the battery. In addition, the batteries with different capacities should not be charged in series or used, otherwise the battery with small capacity may be charged or discharged excessively.
12. The battery is left for a long time without charging. If a fully charged battery is left unused for a long period of time, sulfuric acid will sink, and the specific gravity of the lower part will be larger than that of the upper part, resulting in a potential difference between the upper and lower parts of the electrode, which will cause the battery to discharge itself. A fully charged normal battery will lose about half its capacity even if it is not used for one month. If it is undercharged, there will be almost no electricity for a month. Therefore, for batteries that are not fully charged, they should also be supplemented in time.
13, too much or too little electrolyte added to the battery. The electrolyte added to the cell should be immersed in a plate of 10-15 mm so that there is enough sulfuric acid to participate in the chemical reaction. If too much spillage occurs, the surrounding parts will be corroded; if too little, the plates will be exposed. This will not only reduce the capacity of the battery, but also cause the exposed plates to vulcanize very quickly.
14, the electrolyte is too thick. Some people think that the electrolyte concentration is high, and more ions participate in the electrochemical reaction, which increases the battery capacity. In fact, too thick electrolyte viscosity increases, the penetration rate decreases, the internal resistance increases, so that the battery voltage drops, it is easy to fall instead. Excessive electrolyte can also accelerate the corrosion of the separator and shorten the life of the battery. Therefore, the electrolyte should not be too strong. When the electricity is sufficient, the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be 1.28.
15, do not pay attention to the appearance of the battery clean. There are often dust and other debris on the battery. These things are mixed with the splashed electrolyte and cause a loop between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to discharge the battery. Therefore, the exterior of the battery should always be wiped clean, and care should be taken not to place metal objects on its cover.