Vegetable Production: Rational Use of Organic Fertilizer
The application of organic fertilizer in vegetable production can not only achieve the purpose of continuously supplying various nutrient needs in the root layer of the crop, but also gradually increase the organic matter and buffering properties of the vegetable soil, and reduce the soil-borne diseases and re-barriers. Important role. Therefore, vegetable production has always attached importance to the application of organic fertilizers. However, in the development of modern intensive, high-yield, high-quality and high-quality vegetable industry, in addition to continuing to maintain the input of organic fertilizer, there are also large-scale input of chemical fertilizers and interactive input of large-scale fertilizers. For the sustainable development of vegetable production, it is necessary to make new evaluations of the problems and scientific strategies of organic fertilizer application under the new situation. One of the problems in the application of organic fertilizers in vegetable fields is the large number of applications and excessive nutrient input, especially the excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus, which has caused environmental problems in some areas. For example, due to the characteristics of high salinity in organic fertilizers such as excreta and food processing residues, excessive application of organic fertilizers may cause soil salt accumulation. Second, the types of organic fertilizers are single, most of which are livestock and poultry excrement such as chicken manure pig manure. Taking chicken manure as an example, nitrogen and phosphorus contained more nutrients, but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was very low, which was insufficient for the regulation of soil structure. Third, the safety of application. For example, waste organic fertilizers often contain pollutants such as heavy metals and radioactive substances; animal waste and urine organic fertilizers also have certain levels of heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, and arsenic, due to residual feed additives; in addition, straw-based organic fertilizers It often contains certain pathogenic microorganisms, such as harmful bacteria and eggs. From the market survey, it was also found that in order to increase the volume of organic fertilizers, some traders added alkali to manure fertilizers. These organic fertilizers that are too strong will affect the growth of vegetables. Once organic fertilizers are applied to vegetable plots, these problems may lead to excessive levels of harmful components in vegetable products, posing a threat to food and environmental safety. Reasons for rational application of organic manure in vegetable fields First, the principle of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers in the production of vegetables, the amount of organic fertilizer should be reasonable, but not more. First, the nutrient content of the applied organic fertilizer is fully estimated, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients supplied to the crop is fully estimated. After the amount of nutrients provided by the organic fertilizer is deducted, the insufficient part is supplemented with chemical fertilizer, but the current production In practice, vegetable growers tend not to count organic fertilizer nutrients only as fertilizer nutrients, which leads to the widespread problem of excessive fertilization. About the appropriate ratio of organic and inorganic: to meet the annual supply of nitrogen needed for vegetable crops, for example, some countries proposed that the proportion of nitrogen from organic fertilizer accounted for 50% -60% is appropriate. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has recommended that the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen be 1:(0.4-1), and determine the application amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Second, select different types of organic fertilizers for the quality characteristics of vegetable soils. New vegetable fields should use fermented organic fertilizers with high chemical nutrients, such as excrement, green manure, and cake fertilizer; old vegetable fields should be rich in straw, after stacking. Slow-acting organic fertilizer for wolfberry fermentation. Some of the old vegetable fields that have serious obstacles to continuous cropping use straw bioreactor technology. They use straw to improve the physical properties of the soil, and they also provide sufficient carbon sources. Among the organic fertilizers, the use of compost products including manure stalk solid waste, etc., can increase crop resistance and root-enhancing effects, improve soil pH and soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, passivate the activity of heavy metals in vegetable fields, and reduce heavy metal pollution. risk. Thirdly, during the application period of organic fertilizers, the general principle is to treat organic fertilizers with the characteristics of slowness. It is used as base fertilizer or base fertilizer and applied before sowing or planting. Do not use it as top dressing, use chemical fertilizer as top dressing. To this end, we must formulate a reasonable proportion of base topdressing, and for high-yielding fruit and vegetable crops, reduce the amount of basal fertilizer and increase the amount of top dressing. Finally, the investment in fertilizer and water should be controlled so as to reduce the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in vegetable fields, leaching and runoff losses, and reduce non-point source pollution. In short, during the current vegetable production, it is necessary to vigorously publicize the scientific knowledge of organic fertilizer application and popularize the concept of quantitative fertilization; promote the stacking and fermentation technology of organic materials, help the harmless use of organic fertilizer by vegetable farmers, and achieve high yield, quality, and safety of vegetable production. . Air-Dried Onion Flakes,Dried White Color Onion,Ad White Onion New Crop,Healthy Air-Dried White Onion Xinghua Jiahe Foods Co., Ltd. , https://www.jiahefoods.com