The main problems of tomato production in protected areas and their solutions
With the development of the facility vegetable industry, the cultivation area of ​​tomato in protected areas has been continuously expanded and the production efficiency has become increasingly significant. However, due to the heavy cultivation, the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases, and the influence of climate anomalies and other factors, some years have caused major tomato production. loss. Through many years of experiments and production practices, we have summarized the main problems and solutions that have occurred in the production of tomato in protected areas for the reference of farmers. First, repeat 1. Problems Caused by continuous cultivation of tomatoes or solanaceous vegetables in protected areas, the following problems are easily caused: soil salinization or acidification, reduction of organic matter content, nutritional imbalance, lack of trace elements; imbalance of soil microbial community structure, beneficial microbial flora In addition, pathogens are accumulated year by year, soil-borne diseases and pests are gradually increased, and plant residues and root exudates are poisonous. The general performance is: soil compaction, poor permeability, tomato roots become shallow, underdeveloped, seedlings withered and rot, roots at the growth point can not be stretched or abnormal, slow seedlings are slow, survival rate is low, plant resistance is poor The flowering is slow, the result is less, the flower drop is serious, the yield is decreased, the cracking fruit is increased, the quality is deteriorated, and it is prone to premature aging. 2. Solution 1 soil disinfection, kill soil pathogens and pests. The use of high-temperature solar energy sterilization, specific practices: In the summer heat, 1 m 2 shop 4 to 6 cm thick straw, add 0.1 kg of lime nitrogen, deep turn 20 cm, and then fill the field with water, covered with old plastic film, The surface temperature of sealed 15 to 20 days can be raised to about 60°C, and the effect of sterilization and nematode killing is significant. Soil fumigants such as dihale can also be used. Under the well-sealed condition of the shed film, the soil can be rotated to 15-20 centimeters deep, and ditched or made into a width of 2 to 3 meters. The water is poured 1 time and the next day. Cover the mulching film and pour Dihydro DearL EC (Impulse Type) into the container with the valve at the bottom, dilute 30-50 times with water and apply for 10-15 days. Then apply the bacteria to the net (95% trichloroisocyanuric nitrogen), according to 5 kg / mu of the original drug mix into poisonous soil, evenly spread on the surface, flattened and smooth. 2 The application of decomposed organic fertilizers and organic biological fertilizers can improve the soil, improve the use of chemical fertilizers resulting in soil compaction, and enhance the ability of the soil to retain water, retain fertilizer, and provide fertilizer. The application rate of decomposed organic fertilizer is 3000-5000 kg/mu, the application amount of organic biological fertilizer such as Jinmantian compound biological agent is 50-100 kg/mu, and that of seaweed organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu. 3 Select resistant varieties. Choose plant varieties with robust growth and continuous fruiting ability, high quality, high yield, good resistance to storage and transportation, and good commercial quality, such as Dutch (Netherlands), Dahong No. 1, Oudun (USA), FA-189 Tomato (Israel), Zhongza 105, Zhejiang powder 702, powder crown king and so on. Second, low-temperature illumination 1. Problems caused by heavy snowfall in winter. Low temperature and low temperature have become common problems in tomato production in protected areas, which can easily cause chilling and freezing damage to tomatoes, cause plant yellowing, affect the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants, and lead to growth stagnation. Falling flowers and falling fruit, severe plant death by freezing, the light will also appear small plants, small leaves, short internodes, malformed fruit and other phenomena, leading to severe reduction in production. 2. Solution 1 heat preservation, make up temperature. Early heat storage of membranes, increase of soil and wall temperature, improvement of insulation performance of greenhouses by means of stamped grasshoppers, front corners, horizontal curtains, hanging frost-proof curtains, and stacking of straws between rows; use hot blast stoves, stoves , electric heating and other equipment to heat, to ensure that the night temperature is not lower than 8 °C, helium temperature of not less than 16 °C; with plant cold resistance, cryoprotectants, antifreeze, such as Tianda 2116, Bi protection for foliar spray fertilizer, It has the effect of increasing seedling resistance and keeping seedlings long. 2 Add light, fill light. Clean the plastic shed film regularly, use white mulch to cover the rows, pruning in time, remove the old leaves, diseased leaves and light blocking blades; when the temperature requirement of tomato growth is not affected, try to uncover the grasshopper in the cloudy daytime. Let it see scattered light. The sudden and sunny days after a continuous cloudy day cannot be fully uncovered and should be opened at intervals. Hanging aluminum mirror reflective film at a distance of 5 cm from the rear wall can greatly improve the light and temperature conditions of the northern crops cultivated in this area. According to the experiment, two aluminum sheets with a width of 1 meter were connected to form a 2-meter-high reflective screen that can be reflected on the ground and crops within a range of 3 meters. The increase rate is 33%, and the ground temperature and temperature are increased by about 2 degrees Celsius. . With fluorescent lights, high-pressure mercury lamps, short-arc xenon lamps and other light sources, in the distance from the seedlings 45 to 80 cm high irradiation, after sunrise every day according to 2 to 3 hours, rainy weather can fill the day. 3 humidity, ventilation. Soil moisture content of 60% to 85%, the relative humidity of 45% to 65% when the best tomato growth. When the plants are dry, drip irrigation under the membrane is applied, and fertilization, such as Tianda 2116, Jinmantian, etc., is used. When the temperature is too low for a long time, it is not suitable for watering. It insists on ventilating and ventilating in the short time at noon. At the same time, it can discharge ammonia and other toxic gases. When it cannot be ventilated, weeds can be used to soak damp wood ash or fine dry soil. Try to use dust or smog method to control pests and diseases. Third, pests and diseases 1. Common Diseases and Insect Pests In recent years, diseases and insect pests have become more and more serious, and the more difficult it is to prevent it, has become a key factor that restricts the high yield of tomatoes. The main pests and diseases include: soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematode disease; low-temperature and high-humidity diseases such as gray mold, late blight, etc.; bacterial diseases such as spot disease and bacterial scab; virus diseases, especially yellow The leaf curl virus disease is very serious in recent years; physiological diseases, such as low temperature disorders, physiological premature aging, fertilizer damage, gas damage, etc.; insect pests mainly include aphids, whitefly, whitefly and other insects. 2. Control methods 1 Select excellent resistant varieties. Anti-yellow leaf curl virus disease may be selected such as Zhefen 702, Zidali, Dilani, etc., and anti-root-knot nematode diseases such as Difenni, F-1420, Anti-TY3, and Puijia. 2 Do root treatment before planting. Using the "four-in-one" root technology, that is, sequentially 46.1% copper hydroxide 20 grams, full of gold (flucylonitrile 25 grams / liter + fine metalaxyl 10 grams / liter) 20 ml, 60% imidacloprid (excellent Mix) 30 ml, 20% of chlorantraniliprole (Kangkuen) 10 ml after the sequential addition, 15 kg of water and stir evenly, 蘸1500 seedlings, can effectively prevent the occurrence of seedling pests and diseases. 3 The regulation of the growing environment can significantly suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases. Main control measures: implement variable temperature management; clean the shed film, and improve light conditions by hanging reflective screens, artificial light, appropriate thinning, and reasonable pruning; use submerged irrigation, drip irrigation, and humidity control; timely ventilation to reduce the protection Toxic gas concentration; supplement carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, timely fertilizer and trace elements. 4 scientific selection of medicine, the right medicine, prevention is more important than treatment. First, the types of diseases should be identified. If it is a physiological disease, the cause should be identified, and the soil fertilizer and water management and environmental management should be strengthened to make the foliar dressing. If it is an invasive disease, it should be identified as a fungal disease, a bacterial disease, or a virus disease. . Followed by the correct use of drugs for the type of disease. Fungal diseases, such as gray mold, late blight, and leaf mold, etc., for the prevention of early spraying of bactericides, copper preparations such as cupric hydroxide and cuprous oxide, Propylene Zinc, chlorothalonil, and diacetylene Dicamediamide, etc.; treatment options within the suction fungicide, such as tebuconazole carbazole (take the enemy stable), azoxystrobin, Cyazofamidazole and so on. Bacterial diseases, such as spot diseases, scab, and ulcer diseases, can be controlled by using copper hydroxide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and agricultural streptomycin. Viral diseases, such as yellow leaf curl virus disease, can be controlled by using 20% ​​bismuth copper WP, 80% morpholinium hydrazine water dispersible granules and the like. For pests such as aphids, whitefly, and whiteflies, 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, buprofezin wettable powder, spirotetramat, and imidacloprid water dispersible granules can be used for prevention and control; 60-mesh insect nets were installed, and yellow stick boards were suspended inside the sheds to trap and kill pests. Seasoned Scallop,Seasoned Sea Scallop,Seasoned Spicy Scallop,Seasoned Scallop Lips DALIAN HAIBAO FOODS CO., LTD. , https://www.haibaoseafoods.com