Saffron cultivation techniques

Safflower, alias grass safflower, red and blue flowers and so on. With flowers for medicinal purposes, there is the effect of promoting blood circulation, removing phlegm, and relieving pain. Indications include dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, uterine congestion, coronary heart disease, angina, and bruises. Safflower seed oil content of 20-30%. The processed safflower oil is an important industrial raw material and health food. The main producing areas are Xinjiang, Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Sichuan and other provinces.

The morphological characteristics are annual herbs of Asteraceae, 30-80 cm in height, and the whole plant is smooth and glabrous. Stems erect, branches above, lignified base, finely reticulate surface. Leaves alternate, hard, close to sessile and amplexicaul; oblong or ovate-lanceolate, margin irregularly rounded dentate, apex tipped at lobes, glabrous on both surfaces, dark green waxy; The upper leaves become smaller and smaller in size, surrounded by headlike inflorescences. Inflorescences terminal, 2-4 cm in diam. The total sepals are ovate or nearly hemispherical, with numerous sepals, lateral 2-3 columns, leaf-lanceolate, upper margins with sharp spines, medial rows of ovate, marginless membranous margins. Tubular flowers mostly 20-150 flowers, orange or orange, about 2 cm long, aroma, usually bisexual, corolla tube thin line, apex 5-cleft, stamens 5; ovary lower, stigma bifid, serrated Thorn. Achenes oval to form oblong, white and shiny surface, sometimes grayish, with 4 edges; pericarp hard, after peeling a seed, oval, seed coat is very thin, light gray yellow, 2 cotyledons, hypertrophy , yellow and white.

First, growth habits: Safflower warm and slightly dry climate. More drought, cold, afraid of high temperature and humid climate. Fear of ambiguity and joy in a sunny environment. The soil is not strict, and the soil is deep, loose and fertile loam rich in organic matter is better.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization: Select topography, high-drainage fields, intensive cultivation. In combination with site preparation, sufficient base fertilizer was applied: 3000 kg of soil-fertilizer per acre, 20 kg of urea, and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Then make a trick and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing: safflower breeding with seeds, sowing time autumn and spring sowing. The south should be sown in autumn and the north should be sown in spring. When sowing, the seeds shall be sown uniformly onto the whole plant surface (using wide and narrow rows), or 4015 centimeters per row of rows of plants shall be planted on the entire surface of the pods, with 3-5 seeds per hole. Watering to protect your life. Use about 3 kg per acre.

Fourth, field management: After safflower seedlings, we should pay attention to cultivator weeding. Spikes should pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Actinide prevention with methamidophos. Water is often watered in dry weather and drained in rainy weather. When the seedling height is 10 centimeters, the seedlings will be planted and the weak seedlings will remain strong, leaving 1-2 strong seedlings per hole. Fertilizer topdressing once budding: 5 kg of urea per mu and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. Pest Control: Anthracnose can be controlled by spraying 50% thiophanate 1000 solution or 80% anthraquinone magnesium solution 800 times in the initial stage of disease. Fusarium wilt, spraying with 50% carbendazim 400 times solution. Underground pests are hunted with simethicone and poisonous baits.

Six, harvest and processing: safflower is generally picked from small to full-grained species. When safflower changed from yellow to red, it was collected in batches. Place the picked safflowers on bamboo mats, cover them with a newspaper, dry them, or allow them to dry. Mu yield 20 kg. The safflower seeds are collected about 20 days after flowering. After the upper stems and leaves are yellow, the ground part is cut with a guillotine knife and the seeds are threshed and dried. Mu yield 150 kg.

VII. The market conditions The operation situation is safflower, and the national annual demand is 1.5 million kilograms. In early 1987, safflower was about 6 yuan. After reaching a peak of 32 yuan in 1988, it slowly fell again and fell to 8 yuan in 1990. After nearly a year at the end of 1991, it rose again into a regular curve. From 1992 to 1993, it rose by around 30 yuan. Affected by the heat of medicinal herbs at the time, peasants rushed to plant safflower in the title “planting and planting techniques”, which led to a significant increase in production. As a result, the price of safflower declined again to about 20 yuan in the second half of 1993. In 1994 the red flower price was between 19 and 21 yuan. In October 1995, the price was 22 yuan, February 22 to 23 yuan in February, June 23 to 27 yuan, and continued to go smooth, September 25 to 28 yuan. The price rose sharply to 35 to 40 yuan in 1997, and prices continued to rise at the end of 1997. In March 1998, the price was as high as 80 yuan and the price was firm. Since then, it has fallen year by year, and it has fallen to about 20 yuan by 2001. It began to rise to 25 yuan in 2003. It was upgraded to 36-39 yuan in 2004. In 2005, it was further promoted to 70 yuan. It soared to 110 yuan in 2006.

The main reasons for the above changes in safflower prices are: 1. The production season of safflower conflicts with the harvest season of wheat. Second, safflower picking is difficult, each person can only pick 2 to 5 kilograms of saffron. Third, the economic income of safflower is not high. In previous years, except in Xinjiang, some of the titles were “planting and planting techniques”. Most of the other regions did not have the title “planting and planting techniques” to plant safflower. Fourth, the social stock has decreased and the market demand has increased.

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