Lancet: The disease spectrum of the Chinese population changes significantly
Release date: 2015-01-06 "Lancet" magazine recently published the latest research report "1990-2013 (based on 240 causes of death) global, regional and national specific age-sex all-cause and specific cause mortality: 2013 global disease burden research system analysis 》. The study, led by the University of Washington's Institute of Health Indicators and Assessment (IHME), includes more than 700 researchers from around the world, and conducts statistical analysis of specific population deaths in 188 countries, focusing on the health challenges facing China. . Our reporter interviewed two Chinese experts who participated in the report, Professor Jiang Guohong, deputy director of the Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Professor Hu Guoqing, deputy director of the School of Public Health of Central South University, asked them to interpret the report. Chinese life expectancy is significantly extended Studies have shown that compared to 1990, the life expectancy of Chinese men and women has increased, with an average increase of 8.6 years. This growth far exceeds the global average and ranks in the top 25 in life expectancy in all regions of the world. In 2013, the average life expectancy of Chinese men was extended from 66 years in 1990 to 73.5 years, and the average life expectancy of women was extended from 70.2 years to 80 years. Among the 188 countries or regions covered by the Institute, Chinese women ranked 51 in life expectancy and 59 in men's life expectancy. Globally, people's average life expectancy has increased by 6.2 years compared to 1990, and life expectancy in 2013 has increased to nearly 72 years. Women's life expectancy (6.6 years) is slightly higher than that of men (5.8 years). In 2013, women in the Republic of Andorra had the longest life expectancy (86.7 years) and Qatar had the longest life expectancy (81.2 years). Jiang Guohong pointed out that improved health care, reduced fertility and a shift in global age patterns have contributed to the growth of global life expectancy. The prolonged life expectancy in China is closely related to the government's efforts to increase health care investment and establish a universal health insurance system. Hu Guoqing pointed out that the current gap in health levels between different countries in the world is widening. The average life expectancy of a few developing countries is much lower than that of other countries, and most of China's indicators are biased towards developed countries. Chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease and lung cancer mortality have increased dramatically The study pointed out that road injuries and strokes are the two main causes of death among people aged 15 to 49 in China. In 2013, a total of 267,000 deaths were caused. Among people aged 70 and older, in 2013, a stroke caused 1.11 million men and 810,000 women to die, becoming the leading cause of death. Hu Guoqing said that the research team used data reported by WHO Member States and relevant large-scale special survey data to estimate the disease burden of countries around the world using complex models. The results suggest that in the 23 years, with the aging of the population and the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, the disease death spectrum of the Chinese population has changed significantly. Compared with 1990, the mortality rate of chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease in China increased by 147% and 121% respectively in 2013; the mortality caused by lung cancer increased by 103%. Jiang Guohong said that cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the four major diseases that currently threaten the health of Chinese people. The risk factors for these four types of diseases are similar, including unreasonable diet, lack of exercise, psychological stress, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Strengthening health education, carrying out healthy lifestyle interventions and guidance for all, and scientific and standardized treatment and management of chronically ill patients can effectively delay the onset or death of chronic diseases. In China, in the control of chronic diseases, it is especially necessary to promote the establishment and implementation of relevant policies at the legal level, such as smoking bans in public places and mandatory use of salt. Premature complication and pneumonia caused a significant decline in deaths Studies have shown that since 1990, many diseases that have caused a large number of deaths in our country have seen a significant decline in mortality. Between 1990 and 2013, the mortality rate of complications of preterm birth in China decreased by 87%, and the number of deaths caused by pneumonia decreased by 56%. In 1990, these two diseases caused 755,000 deaths; after 23 years, the number of deaths they caused was reduced by 507,000. Globally, mortality rates for diseases such as measles and diarrhoea have been significantly reduced. The mortality rates of these two diseases in 2013 were 83% and 51% lower than those in 1990, respectively. It is worth noting that the death trend of AIDS and malaria is very different from other diseases. The global death toll of these two diseases reached its highest level around 2005. Compared with 2005, the death toll of these two diseases decreased by 22% and 30% respectively in 2013. The malaria mortality rate in China reached its highest in 1983, killing 1,212 people, but in 2013 this figure has been reduced by 88%. Hu Guoqing said that the above data shows that since 1990, the Chinese government has achieved remarkable results in disease control. The researchers divided all diseases into three categories: infectious diseases, neonatal diseases, female diseases; chronic non-communicable diseases; injuries, including car accidents, falls, drowning, burns, unintentional poisoning, suicide, violence, etc. From the distribution of disease deaths in different age groups in China in 2013, the causes of death in different age groups are very different. The data show that in the 5 to 14 years old group, the number of deaths caused by injury in 2013 accounted for 56.7% of all deaths in this age group, 34.4% in the 15 to 49 years old group, and 19.6% in the children under 5 years old. Hu Guoqing pointed out that this result suggests that relevant departments should pay attention to injury prevention work and take measures as soon as possible. At present, the government's investment in injury prevention work lags far behind the investment in prevention and control of infectious diseases and chronic non-infectious diseases. Source: Health News Xi'an complex bio-tech CO.,LTD. , https://www.complexpowder.com