Nature: Cancer cell stress is associated with autophagy
Release date: 2015-08-25 In many tumors, cancer cells are actually under great stress. These stressors come from many sources, such as peroxide stimulation and nuclear nucleation in the cellular environment, and the disappearance of contact inhibition between cells leads to excessive cell distribution and insufficient oxygen and energy materials. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells activate the intracellular stress-response-related signaling pathways under stress to maintain the homeostasis of cellular metabolism, and this strategy maintains cell survival. Intracellular autophagy, as an active cellular stress and stress response, plays an important role in the development of tumors. Previous studies have shown that the development of many different cancers is accompanied by a high level of autophagy, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process in cells. By forming phagocytic vacuoles (vesicles), it is seen that unnecessary and abnormal parts of the cells are encapsulated in vesicles, transported to lysosomes, and further degraded. digestion. Substances that are decomposed and digested by lysosomes can continue to be the raw material for cell growth. Therefore, the autophagy process of the cells not only functions as a scavenger, but also has the effect of recycling waste. Rushika Perera and colleagues in Massachusetts, USA, have discovered a new link between cellular stress and autophagy that leads to altered cellular metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Related research is published in the latest issue of Nature. In this study, they found aberrant expression and constitutive activation of the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors. By analyzing human pancreatic ductal carcinoma PDA sample material and cell line materials, the researchers found that intracellular autophagy and lysosomal function-mediated metabolic reprogramming were greatly increased in the cells of these samples. In this process, the transcription factors of the MiT/TFE family mediate the massive expansion of lysosomes and the more active decomposition and reuse of intracellular energy. Metabolic profiling of the whole cell indicates that autophagy-lysosomal activation, which is dependent on the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors, is important for the balance of the amino acid pool within the cell. These findings suggest that lysosomal regulation is a focus of nutrient utilization and energy balance in cancer cells. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, the "clean-up" mechanism inside the cell is ultimately related to autophagy and lysosomes. This autophagy-lysosomal activation pathway is a marker of invasive cancer progression. The analysis and monitoring of this autophagy pathway can be used as an indicator of tumor progression. At the same time, because the autophagy-lysosomal activation pathway is a key signaling pathway for cancer cells to maintain metabolic balance, inhibition of this signaling pathway may provide new ideas for curbing the proliferation and production of cancer cells. Source: Bio Valley The nutritional value of mussels is also high because the protein contained in them contains 8 essential amino acids such as valine and leucine, which are needed by the human body, and its content is much higher than that of eggs and essential amino acids such as chicken, duck, fish, shrimp, and meat. Boiled Mussels Meat,Boiled Mussels,Mussel Meat,Deep Sea Mussels Zhejiang Industrial Group Co., Ltd. , https://www.xingyeseafood.com