Occurrence and control of damping-off disease in vegetables
First, the symptoms After germination of vegetable seeds, cotyledons and embryonic stems are rotted, resulting in rotten species. After the cotyledons were unfolded, the base of the diseased seedlings developed water-spotted lesions, which then turned yellow-brown and curled up into a line, that is, tripped. The fallen seedlings cannot stand upright. The other appearances of seedlings are the same as those of healthy seedlings. Second, control methods 1, seedbed selection. As far as possible, it is built on the ground of unripe oysters. Do not build old seedbeds. To build a bed in an old seedbed, it is necessary to replace the soil with less germs or to disinfect the soil. Fertilizer must be cooked. 2, nursery technology. Use modern seedling raising techniques, such as electric hotbed technology, manual temperature-controlled seedling raising techniques, etc. to maintain a suitable temperature for the seedbed. 3, bed soil disinfection (1) Formalin disinfection: 2 to 3 weeks before sowing, bed soil is loosened, 50 ml of formalin is used per square meter of nursery bed, and 18 to 36 kg of water is added (the amount of water is determined according to soil moisture) , evenly poured on the seedbed. Then covered with plastic film on the bed soil. After 3 to 5 days, remove the cover and loosen the soil. After about two weeks, the liquid is fully evaporated and then sown. (2) Disinfection of pentachloronitrobenzene, etc.: Mix 70% of quintozene with 50% of thiram and mix it equally, 8 to 10 grams per square meter (4 to 5 grams for each drug). Add dry fine soil 20-30 kg and mix well. Before sowing, 1/3 of the medicine soil is spread on the bed surface first as a bedding soil, then the seeds are sown on the pad soil, and the remaining 2/3 of the medicine soil is evenly covered on the seeds as cover soil. After covering the soil, the surface of the soil should be sprinkled with water to keep the soil moist, and the soil should not be too dry so as to avoid phytotoxicity. (3), carbendazim or thiophanate disinfection: use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate, 8 to 10 grams per square meter, using the same method. (4) Disinfection of the enemy's original pine powder: Use 70% enemy powder, 500 grams per 667 square meters, add 20-25 kilograms of dry soil before use. 4, seed treatment. Before sowing, seeds are soaked in warm water at 48-49°C for 10-15 minutes. If using 50% of thiram wettable powder or 65% zein zinc wettable powder dressing, the dosage is 0.3% of the seed weight. 5, seedbed management seedlings. The bed temperature should be appropriate to reduce cold damage. Appropriately increase the number of soil loosening and promote root growth. Control the appropriate humidity. In the early stage of emergence, it is possible to scatter the soil 1 to 2 times on the surface of the bed in order to protect the ground and make up for cracks in the ground. When the humidity of the seedbed is too high, the number of ventilations should be increased when the temperature is high, the humidity of the seedbeds should be eliminated, and the humidity of the seedbeds should be reduced. When the nursery's drought must be watered, it should be done in the morning. Immediately after the watering, the plastic film is tightly sealed to raise the temperature of the seed bed. When the temperature is high at noon, the air is ventilated. The amount of water used was the degree of soil moisture in the rhizosphere of the seedlings. Take all measures to improve the light conditions of the seedbed. Lift the insulation covering timely to prolong the time of light exposure. After seedling emergence and time seedlings, seedlings should be divided in time to prevent seedlings being too dense, affecting ventilation and light transmission, resulting in excessive humidity and causing seedlings to grow weak. When the watering or seedbed humidity is too high, dry ash on the seedbed can be sprinkled several times. Dry ash has the functions of absorbing moisture, reducing moisture and increasing light absorption, increasing the temperature of the ground, and inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The diseased seedlings were found to be removed in a timely manner and carried deep outside the field or burned. Spray 1ppm natural alfalfa - Shuofeng 481 liquid once to increase resistance to disease. 6, pharmaceutical control. After the diseased seedlings are found, the following agents can be used: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times; 64% antivirus WP 500 times; 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times; 70% enemy pine 1000 times liquid powder. Select one of the above agents, or use them alternately, once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 or 3 times.
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