Fruit trees are subject to "natural disasters" management

Fruit trees grow for a long period of time, during which they are vulnerable to meteorological disasters such as frost, hail, and flood; these meteorological disasters are often referred to as “natural disasters” by fruit farmers. Then, in the production of fruit trees, how to manage these "natural disasters"?

1, night frost damage. Late spring frosts are often called "late frosts." Late frost mostly occurs in the fruiting period from budding to young fruiting. Generally, fruit trees such as peaches, apricots, plums, apples, and pears, which are generally early budding and blooming, are more susceptible to late frost. After germination, the sprouts are frosted and their appearance turns brown or black. The scales are loose and do not germinate. They then dry off. Flower buds and flowering seasons are frosty. Because the pistil is not cold tolerant, the light frost can be used to freeze the pistil receptacle and the flowers are opened as usual. When the weight is too heavy, the stamens can be frozen, and when the petals are severe, they are discolored and fall off. The young fruit is frozen, deformed, grows slowly, and finally falls off. The young leaves suffer damage, the leaf margins change color, the leaves become soft and even dry. Its defense measures are: (1) Smoke. Use crop straw, deciduous or wild grass as fuel, the inside layer is dry fireweed, the middle layer is damp weed grass, cover with a layer of thin soil outside, stack height 1 to 1.5 meters, bottom diameter 1.5 to 2 meters, per acre 3 ~4 heaps, ignited at about 2 a.m. (before frost) and when the temperature dropped to 2°C. (2) Irrigation under the trees, spraying water on the trees. The large heat capacity of water has a regulating effect on the change of temperature, and timely irrigation before the next frost can effectively prevent or reduce the risk of frost. In addition, spraying the water on the trees under the frost also helps ease the frost. (3) During the flowering period, the bees were pollinated and pollinated artificially. Pollination can promote the development of some vegetative tissues in the ovary, thereby enhancing the resistance of flower organs. According to the test, the bee area can reduce the frozen rate by more than 40% compared with the bee-free area; artificial pollination has the same effect. (4) Strengthen orchard management. White canopy in early spring can delay germination and flowering to avoid frost; in the orchard with serious frost damage, it is necessary to make full use of late silk flowers to increase fruit output; appropriate late fruit thinning, more fruit retention, better bagging, and increase fruit yield and grade After the flowers, fruits, branches and leaves have been stabilized, pruning is carried out in time to cut the branches and young fruits that can not heal spontaneously due to frostbite, and to eliminate the densely crowded and leggy branches that affect the light, so as to adjust the branches and promote flower buds. Formation and fruit development.

2. Disaster relief. After the fruit trees are affected by the disaster, their photosynthesis and stress resistance will be reduced. Management should be strengthened to reduce losses. (1) Clever fertilizer. Spraying foliar fertilizer on the tree to promote the growth of injured plants, leaves and fruits. The fertilizer on the foliar surface is preferably amino acid fertilizer. It can be used 500 times solution of sprayed profit or 300 times amino acid micronutrients, or 300 times solution. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once every 10 days or so and sprayed 2 to 3 times. (2) Prevent pests. The main ringworm disease, early defoliation, spider mites, borerworms, etc., can be used 600 times liquid antibacterial spirit +3000 times liquid maggots + 500 times the liquid spray spray to profit, or 500 times the fruit can also be used Spleen + 1500-fold imidacloprid + 300-fold amino acid micronutrient fertilizer was sprayed; if the combination of extra-root topdressing and spray application, the effect was better. (3) picking fruit. After the disaster, the special heavy fruit was taken off in a timely manner and the park was cleared out. Some sets of fruit bags are damaged on the fruit surface. The fruit bags should be promptly removed and spray-sterilized. Some fruit bags should be smashed and the fruits should not be injured. They should be sprayed and sterilized until the liquid is dried. Then set the bag.

3, disaster relief. After the fruit trees are affected, the roots are in a state of water immersion for a long time, and they often cause rots due to poor ventilation, affecting the normal growth of fruit trees, and even the phenomenon of dead trees. The following management measures for fruit trees after suffering from flood disasters are: (1) Drainage. For flooded orchards, clear the channels in time after the rain, drain the water from the orchard, and remove the mud deposited on the foliage and the debris hanging on the plants, and straighten the trees that have been washed down by the flood. If necessary, support can be used to support and fix the trees. Promote fruit trees to restore normal growth and development as soon as possible. After the drainage, the soil around the tree tray can be opened and scattered to promote the evaporation of water. After 3 clear weather, the soil is covered. Expose the roots of the trees and re-burie them in the soil. Expose the trunks and branches. Use 1:10 lime water to brush white and use straw or wheat straw to prevent cracking of the bark due to exposure. (2) cultivator. After flooding, the orchard soil compaction, easily lead to oxygen deficiency in fruit tree roots. Therefore, when the soil is a little dry, it should be time for cultivating. Increase the depth of the cultivator appropriately, mix the soil and crush the soil blocks. (3) Dressing. After the fruit trees are affected, the root system is damaged and the ability to absorb fertilizer and water is weakened. It is not appropriate to apply root fertilizer immediately. For production, the foliar dressing can be performed with 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% urea solution. After the tree potential is restored, the cooked manure urine, cake fertilizer or urea is applied to promote new roots. (4) trim. Timely cut off the broken branches, clear the fallen leaves, drop the fruit. For trees with severe rooting, timely thinning, cutting of leaves, and fruit removal to reduce the amount of transpiration and prevent the death of tree plants. (5) Control of pests and diseases. After spraying, efficient pesticides should be sprayed in time to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. (6) Harvesting. For the orchards that have been flooded for a long time, early harvest is required; the orchards that are lighter and unaffected should be harvested in stages; and late-maturing varieties should not be harvested as early as possible so as to avoid falling prices due to centralized listing. Pick leaf and fruit in time before picking, conditional orchard promotes reflective film and promotes fruit coloring.

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