Two genetic mutations affecting sleep were found
Two genetic mutations affecting sleep were found November 04, 2016 Source: Xinhuanet According to a neuroscience report published online by the British journal Nature on the 2nd, scientists have discovered two genetic mutations that affect sleep time and sleep type. This result marks an important step toward understanding sleep control mechanisms. It is a common feature that all animals sleep, but humans have a surprisingly low level of understanding of the cellular and molecular signals that underpin this most basic behavior. We only know that the circadian rhythm can make the organism perceive the environmental changes brought about by the Earth's rotation and ensure sleep, but this does not explain the organism's sleep control mechanism. This time, the researcher at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, Masahiro Kazuyoshi and his colleagues, identified two genetic mutations that affect the balance between sleep and awakening. One affects the Sik3 gene, which increases the need for intrinsic sleep, resulting in a significant reduction in total wakefulness. In this case, non-rapid eye movement sleep increases (rapid eye movements, and there is a period in which the eyeballs keep swinging around during the sleep process, which is a stage in which the brain is very active and easy to dream). The other affects the Nalcn gene, which shortens the total amount of rapid eye movement sleep and the length of the segment, and achieves regulation of rapid eye movement sleep by inhibiting the excitability of neurons. The authors used forward genetic screening to derive the above results. They examined the sleep patterns of more than 8,000 mice with random genetic mutations, and then identified the genetic changes in mice with abnormal sleep patterns, and finally identified two mouse lineages that they called “sleepiness†and “no dreamsâ€. The Sik3 and Nalcn gene mutations were found separately. This finding highlights the potential of using this approach to identify new genes and pathways involved in sleep regulation, and as an important outcome of sleep genetics, means that people's understanding of sleep control mechanisms is deeper than ever.
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