Winter apple orchard guards against snow and freezing damage
Delay winter pruning, do well in wound protection, distinguish frostbite buds and frostbite, and maximize yield and tree growth. After pruning at low temperatures, it is necessary to reduce the wound, and to use the cut-off oil for wound protection in a timely manner. For cut-off rips of pruned apple trees, there is no protection, and cut-off oil is used for protection. In the case of rot disease, in the spring and fall season, the related agents for controlling rot disease (3% thiophanate-methyl, ganconazole, gulex, rot rick, schnail, etc.) are applied. At the same time, after sprouting, it is necessary to check, shrink and cut frozen dead shoots to prevent the outbreak and epidemic of apple rot disease after freezing injury. Pay attention to weather changes, strengthen tree protection and pay close attention to weather changes. If the temperature drops below -20°C, it may cause freezing damage to the trees. Active use should be made of the use of waste cotton, cloth, crop stalks, grass, etc. , The main branch wrapped, and used agricultural plastic film, woven bags tightly tied holes. Conditional spray-type plant transpiration inhibitors can be added to prevent and reduce overwintering of young apple trees. Remove snow in a timely manner to prevent the trunk from being frozen to remove the branches and snow from the tree plate in time, and prevent freezing and damage of the trunk caused by drastic changes in day and night temperatures and melting of snow and ice. (Sun Yanfeng) Apple Sapling Antifreeze Seven Methods In severe winter, the soil is deep in the frozen layer. Apple saplings are rooted in shallow layers and mostly located in the frozen layer. The absorption and transportation of water is poor, which can not meet the transpiration of the shoots' water. It is easy to produce freezing damage and draws (that is, the branches lose water and dry). In severe cases, the whole plant will die. Antifreeze methods for apple saplings are as follows: Fertilization method before the fruit tree defoliation, can be used to open the ring groove or radial fertilization fertilization, fertilization 1 times. The use of organic manure such as sheep manure and chicken manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase temperature, promote root growth, and increase cell water content are beneficial to wintering and freezing resistance. Irrigation method Any missing orchard, if there is irrigation, can be frozen in the ground before freezing, in order to increase the temperature and balance ground temperature, in order to facilitate the freezing. Curved dry cover method In the fall of the year when the newly planted saplings, can be dug in the tree next to a 10 to 15 cm deep ditch, the trunk bent down in the ditch, the top can be covered with soil 25 to 30 cm. In late April of the following year, you can make up the earth. In doing so, one can prevent freezing, and the second can prevent the hare from injuring the bark. Before the main soil method is overwinter, it is possible to pick up a small mound of up to 30 to 40 centimeters around the trunk with a ground diameter of 40 to 60 centimeters. After thawing in the spring of the following year, you can plow the mound and expose the trunk. The benefits are the same as those for the curved overburden method. Before the tree disk cover method is frozen, the young tree tray can be covered with 20~25 cm thick straw or a layer of agricultural film or a layer of plant ash, etc., which can achieve the effect of warming and warming, so as to achieve the purpose of antifreeze. . When the protective agent spray method is used for winter, the tree can be sprayed with a 10 times solution of paraffin wax, 150 to 200 times carboxymethyl cellulose, or 200 to 300 times the mold enemy. You can also spray the Beijing No. 1 high-fat membrane once to close the lenticels, reduce the water transpiration, and prevent drawing. The method of tying the grass and wrapping the plastic film can affix a circle of straw (grass, wheat straw, corn stover, etc.) around the trunk, or cut a 0.02-0.03 mm thick agricultural film into a plastic strip of 4-6 cm in width, entangling the trunk. . It is required to press and compact the compaction, seal tightly, and release the film around the end of April of the following year. (Zhu Jingzhong) Apple should be promptly remedied by frost damage First, for all apple trees with frozen trunks and complete roots, the ground can be sawed off. From March to April of the following year, we grafted again using splicing or subcutaneous grafting. If the trunk of the sapling is chilled, the saplings can be re-emerged, leaving a robust sprout and reculturing the tree. Second, if the tree trunks account for more than half of the apple trees, they are bridged on the frozen side. Serious damage must be re-grafted. Third, the lighter damaged apple trees, before germination, spray 100 times more effective rot against rot. After germination, the dead bark was scraped off and coated with 843 rehabilitant or rot star liquid. During the apple tree growth period, the branches are sterilized by treating rot disease agents such as 9281 and tebuconazole for two weeks. Spraying a small amount of urea plus vitality for 7 to 10 days after leaf spreading, spraying 4 to 5 times. In the pruning, in addition to cutting off the frozen dead sticks, the wound should be reduced as much as possible, and the principle of light shearing should be used to slowly put part of the shoots and retract the extended branches to extract the Wang branch. Fourth, the apple bud victim, the top bud, side buds were all frozen, to increase the amount of fertilizer, timely water supply, promote budding, bud germination, re-cultivation Zhizu. (single country) Strengthen antifreeze kiwifruit for good winter On November 18th, “2016 Kiwi Frost Damage Prevention Work Conference in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province†was held in Yujia Village, Jiufeng Town, Zhouzhi County. At this meeting, Zhang Xinxin, director of the Xi'an Forestry Technology Extension Center and senior agronomist Zhang, gave a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the antifreeze technology of winter kiwifruit from eight aspects. The brief summary is as follows: The kiwifruit with different varieties and varieties is familiar with the difference in antifreeze capacity. In the main fresh kiwifruit in Xi'an area, the freeze-thaw resistance of Chinese kiwifruit is not as good as that of delicious kiwifruit. In Chinese kiwifruit, "Golden Fruit", "Xi Xuan No.2" and "Hong Yang" have poor anti-freezing ability, especially the "Golden Fruit" kiwifruit autumn shoots have not stopped in October. This part can not be normal and mature autumn tip winter Frozen. The "Xu Xiang" in delicious kiwifruit is less frost-resistant. Therefore, in the areas that are vulnerable to freezing, the antifreeze variety in delicious kiwifruit should be selected as much as possible. Grasping the topography From the point of view of kiwifruit growing areas, the parks closer to the towns are affected by the urban microclimate, and are generally lighter in weight. In the northwest, the cold air passes through the area, there is no shelterbelt, there is no shelter area in the village, or the northwest wind is blocked by the Qinlingshan cyclone wind gathering area. Freezing damage is prone to occur, and the cold damage in the low-lying area is heavy. Obtaining forecasts The freeze damage of kiwi trees occurs most often in the winter or spring sap flow, and is also prone to frost damage during the snowmelt period after snowfall. Therefore, we must grasp the weather forecast in time and do a good job in contingency planning. After clearing the white trees, the clear garden will begin to clear the garden. The whitening agent should be dry and wet to a moderate degree. It is advisable to hang the tree evenly when brushing. It is best to apply the entire main cranium and remember to paint the yin and yang face so as not to reach the antifreeze effect. Rational management of the kiwifruit tree's early management has a great impact on the freezing resistance of the vines. When pruning, pay attention to the following types of non-tolerant twigs: pests affecting early deciduous branches; malnutrition; severe yellow flower branches; autumn rain plus Excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, prosperous new shoots at the end of the season; weeds in the garden with multiple weeds, soil compaction, and canker diseases; summer pruning is not timely, lack of light, curled branches at the front end; excessive load, large quantities of shoots with bulking agents; Harvesting is not timely to restore the tree branches. Trunk Protection Kiwi trees are mostly frozen in the main vine is about 80 cm away from the ground, so the protection of the main vine is particularly important. The materials used to wrap the main vines include: straw, corn stalks, waste cotton, waste newspapers, etc. When choosing, it must be adapted to local conditions. The time to release the main protection can be carried out after the budding. It is easy to lose water in the rhizomes of kiwifruit trees that cover the soil and cover the grasses in winter, and it is easy to be frozen when the temperature is strong and low temperature. The height of the soil is generally higher than 20 cm above the surface of the tree plate. Straw can be used to cover the tree plate with straw, to ensure the temperature around the tree plate. Other protection 1 Electronic fogger with a set of 10 acres of ground, no need to guard in the field, no need to manually detect the temperature, set the temperature automatically smoke, intelligent control, automatic retrieval of orchard environmental temperature. 2 The recent forecast of strong low-temperature weather, the kiwi fruit orchard can be sprayed with lime sulfur, or antifreeze. 3 After the occurrence of frost damage, prepare the antifreeze sprayed during the budding period for repair and protection.
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