Straw strawberry flower buds follow
In the middle or late November, the strawberries in the greenhouse after transplanting will be gradually blossomed. As a gift of fresh fruits before the Spring Festival, strawberries have brought endless joy to people. In the icy and cold winter days, entering the strawberry sheds that have become spring-like all year round, eating a handful of red-brilliant strawberries, is definitely regarded as enjoyment on the tip of the tongue. Greenhouse technology saves people who like to eat strawberries a season of waiting, but seasonal influences and the structure of the sheds also create problems for strawberry pollination and fruit set. The application of bee pollination technology has solved these problems well. Bee Pollination Improves Strawberry Yield and Quality Strawberry is a hermaphroditic plant. There are both pistil and stamen in one flower. Although it can be self-pollinated, the flowering period of greenhouse strawberries is in winter. The greenhouse has high humidity, poor air flow, high anther and pollen viscosity, and difficulty in pollen release. , And the greenhouses are isolated from the natural insects, lack of pollinators, resulting in decreased pollination, reduced fruit set rate, increased malformed fruit, seriously affecting commodity rates. In order to ensure adequate pollination and increase fruit set, some supplementary measures must be taken to pollinate. Strawberry pollination techniques include artificial pollination, chemical hormones, and bee pollination. Before people can't use the biological characteristics of bee pollination, the strawberry in the greenhouse is artificially pollinated. Use a dry brush or a cotton swab to paint on the female and stamens of the blossoming flowers to fertilize them. Some need to sweep the raised part (pistil) slightly in depth in the middle of the flower. This method of pollination ensures the successful strawberry pollination, but it takes time and labor to increase the labor intensity, and it is often difficult to grasp the optimal timing of pollination. The occurrence of a large number of malformed fruits has led to a decline in fruit quality and production cuts, and the product rate has not been guaranteed. According to the bee's biological characteristics, bee pollination expert team of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences uses honeybees to pollinate greenhouses, which not only saves labor, but also improves fruit set. Bee pollinated fruits have the advantages of large individuals, less deformity, good color, rapid growth, early maturation, and good taste. Sampling test data showed that the use of bees for strawberry pollination, fruit set rate increased by an average of 30.8%, an increase of 20.5% -40.1%, improved fruit shape, pod, deformity rate reduced by more than 30%. Bees are "supervisors" for strawberry safety The optimal pollination time for strawberry is from 10 am to 3 pm, during which pollen activity is strong and the pollination effect is best. As the patron saint of nature, bees are co-evolved with plants and can conduct pollination work with the best pollen vitality and the best time for plant pollination. More than ten flowers can be visited every minute. Bees collect up to 5 million pollens from A flower flies to another flower, which ensures the strawberry's pollination demand and the heterosis of different plants. Compared with artificial pollination, it has obvious advantages. At the same time, a large number of bees stimulate the secretion of auxin and gibberellic acid during pollination, promote cell division and growth, thereby increasing the weight and density of the fruit, thereby increasing the anti-scratch ability of the fruit during transportation. Different varieties, pollination of the strawberry after the bright color, good taste, good flavor, fruit quality and primary product rate increased significantly. Application of bee pollination can not only improve the yield and quality of strawberries, but more importantly, bees are very sensitive to the use of pesticides. If pesticides are used to put bees and pollinators, there will be a large number of or even all deaths of bee colonies. Therefore, picking strawberries When the bees normally come out to pollinate the flowers, it shows that the strawberries in the greenhouse are relatively safe. Due to the sensitivity of honeybees to pesticides, the use of honeybees in greenhouses and greenhouses must reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and replace them with biological controls. Therefore, honey bees are not only the guarantors of strawberry high quality and high yield, but also the strawberry green prevention and control technology and strawberry safety "supervisor." Bee colony management during bee pollination Bee pollination can increase the yield and yield of strawberries. However, the small indoor space, large temperature difference between day and night, high humidity and the shortage of bees' food sources in the strawberry sheds also limit the bee's living habits. In order to protect their pollination behavior and effects, pollination is effective. There are certain requirements for the management of bee colonies during the period. Bees prepare for strawberry pollination ■Install Insect Network The daytime temperature of the facility's booths usually rises rapidly. Ventilation and cooling are needed to prevent the excessive temperature of the greenhouses from adversely affecting the development of the strawberries. To prevent the bees from flying out of the shed and nesting outside the shed, it is not easy to fly back to the colonies. The insect nets are installed at the ventilation openings of the greenhouses. Insect nets are not able to pass through the mesh of a bee, usually about 15 mesh, and routinely check whether the interface is sealed. This is most important for the production of early flower buds. Bees pollination population requirements The number of individuals per acre shed for strawberry pollinating bees should be within the 3-3.5 frame bee (about 7000 or so). It is advisable to have a robust and spawning queen bee to ensure the quality and effectiveness of pollination. If the number of individuals in a single colony is not up to the standard, you can replace the spleen with less spleen by the spleen that has already hatched from the baby pups, or directly supplement the young bees that have just left the house, and can directly make up the worker bees in cold weather. ■Master the timing of bees entering the shed The insecticides used to control the insect pests of strawberries are best to be completed two weeks before the bees enter the shed. In the 3-5 days before the flowering period of the strawberry, the bee colony is placed one meter ahead of the back wall in the middle of the greenhouse in the evening, and the beehive is lifted with a brick or an empty box, about 50 centimeters from the ground, and the nest door is westward. , Let it rest for 10 minutes, and then open the nest door after the bees stabilise. Pollination management ■Flowering period management Watering during flowering, the fruit should be watered in a timely manner to keep the soil moist. Fertilization should adopt the principle of "few times". The yellow old leaves and diseased leaves are removed from the base of the stem in time to facilitate ventilation, light transmission and disease prevention, and the removed leaves are brought deep outside the shed. ■Indoor temperature and humidity control The suitable temperature for bees to collect in the shed is 18°C-28°C, and the temperature exceeds 30°C. The bee flight activity is reduced. Some worker bees begin to lower the nest temperature in the nest, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is too high. Disease occurs. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be controlled between 18°C ​​and 28°C, and the relative humidity is between 50% and 70%, which is conducive to plant growth and bee pollination. ■Supplementary protein feed According to the amount of individual bees in the box, feed the bees in a timely manner. The pollinating bees should be fed sugar water in 4 weeks after entering the greenhouse. The concentration of sugar water is about 50%. Specific practice: 50 grams of sugar or sugar with 50 grams of boiling water to dissolve, until the sugar temperature dropped to below 40 °C, the solution was poured into the feeder, in the surface of sugar water put some floaters, to prevent bees from eating carelessly Sudden death. Pollen is the main source of protein, vitamins and minerals in bee feeds. It is an essential food for bee larvae. The pollen of strawberries in greenhouses generally cannot meet the development needs of bee larvae and should be fed in a timely manner. Feeding pollen should adopt the method of feeding pollen cake, and choose pollen without pollution and mildew as raw material. Pollen-making method: first deal with pollen disinfection, spray evenly with 75% alcohol, and then allow the alcohol to naturally evaporate, and put it in a clean pot to dry it for use, and then heat the honey to 70°C and pour it into the pollen pot. Mix the honey powder in a ratio of 3:5. Stir it for 12 hours. Then stir it. Let the pollen bunch spread out and knead the cake. The soft and hard pollen cake is not placed on the internal beam of the beehive. Falling is appropriate. Feed 1 time every 10-15 days until the strawberry in the greenhouse is finished pollination. In the late pollination period, the outside temperature gradually rises, and the amount of water evaporation in the shed is large. It is necessary to place a small saucer filled with water near the pollinating bee colony as a bee waterer, which is added once every three days for the daily needs of the bees to prevent mold deterioration. Late pollination management In order to ensure the effectiveness of pollination, bee colonies should be inspected in a timely manner to understand the reproduction and survival status of colonies. When the ambient temperature of the greenhouse is high and the humidity is high, the number of bees varies, and the bee swarm is widened to 12-17 mm to avoid bee colony insulation and injury. Before and after the Ching Ming Festival, in the northern regions, when the outside temperature is relatively stable, the pollinating bee colony can be withdrawn from the shed, and the bees can be selected after the bees are not nested in the early morning or the bees are all home in the evening, and the nest doors are closed before moving the beehive. Try to avoid vibration and place it in an outdoor flat place. When the bee colony is quiet, open the nest door. At this point, the bee pollination work is over. Strawberry pest control Precautions Strawberry growth period is longer, greenhouse humidity is relatively high, prone to powdery mildew, chemical pesticides are often used in production to prevent and control, but in the use of bees for pollination, to accurately grasp the residual period of these agents, there must be special bactericidal pot , to avoid pesticide residues in the pesticide pot poisoning the pollinator bees. Be sure to move the bee colonies from the shed before spraying, and then move the bees back after a safety interval to avoid pollinating the bees and affecting pollination. At present, the bees that can be used for strawberry pollination include bumblebees. The biological characteristics of bumblebees and bees are similar. However, compared with bees, bumblebees are cold-tolerant and moisture-resistant. The visits are quick and effective, and are suitable for pollination. Strawberry pollination time is as long as 3-5 months, a group of bees or a group of bumblebees can not meet the pollination needs of flowering, according to the actual situation of regular changes in bee colonies, bees or bumblebees, the two can be used interchangeably. Dishwash Liquid,Dish Washing Soap,Dish Washer Detergent,Kitchen Dishwashing Liquid Detergent Wuxi Keni Daily Cosmetics Co.,Ltd , https://www.wxkenidaily.com