High-quality and efficient cultivation techniques of kidney beans in northern areas
Oil Bean is an alias for kidney beans. It is the main cultivated vegetable in the alpine region of northern China. In recent years, people's eating habits have also changed due to the population movement in China. Snap horn has become one of the main vegetables of the northern vegetable south of the country. Every year from June to October is the time when the peas are listed. Every year, 15,000 to 20,000 jin of oil beans are shipped to all parts of the country. Due to the extensive cultivation techniques of the bean peas in the past, the problems are mixed and severely degraded, the fertilizer application is unreasonable, the disease is serious, and the weeds are difficult to control. The quality of the beans is poor, the yield is low, and the benefits are poor, which seriously restricts the oil bean industry. development of. The author has obtained a set of high-quality and high-efficiency comprehensive cultivation technology system for the oil beans by screening various varieties of oil beans, screening of different fertilizer varieties, fertilization methods and screening of different herbicides for your reference. 1 Selection of cultivars The oil beans cultivated in the Heilongjiang area were originally farm varieties. Although the quality is good, they are not resistant to storage and transportation, and the diseases are heavier. Therefore, the selection of suitable varieties suitable for long-distance transportation, good quality, disease resistance and high yield is the key to the implementation of this technology. Through years of trial and error, the general cultivar Xiangdou was selected as the main variety, and it was matched with Longyoudou No.2, Longyoudou No.3 and Hayou No.1. Among them, the mulch film cover and the mulch film and the small arch shed are cultivated to use the army bean cultivar as the main plant variety, while the Longyou Bean No. 3 is a mid-late-maturing variety, and the price is lower, which can be used as a matching variety. The first place to protect the land for early cultivation is Hayou No.1 and Longyoudou No.2. The generals are peas. Strong growth. The base part has many branches. The tender pods are flat and green, with purple-red stripes on the tip of the pod. The pods have a beautiful appearance. The average pod is 20cm long and 2.1cm wide. The single pod has a mass of 24g. The tender pods are neat and the commodity is excellent. The fleshy surface, not premature aging, can be second pod. It is a medium-maturing variety with a growth period of 65-70 days (days), and generally can produce 2000 kg per 667 m2. Longyoudou No. 3 has strong drought resistance and disease resistance. The pods are long and flat, and the pods are particularly long. Generally, they are 20-25cm, the pod width is 2.3cm, the single pod quality is 26g, the tender pod is green, no fiber, and the bean flavor is very strong. Good quality, 2000-2500kg per 667m2. It is a mid-late maturing variety with a growth period of 75-80 days (days). Longyoudou No. 2 is a very early-maturing variety, vine, with a growth period of 55.60d (days), green pods, thick pods, fresh and tender, pod length 15-18cm, pod width 1.5-1.8cm, strong disease resistance, It produces about 2000kg per 667m2. Hayou 1 is a very early maturing variety with a growth period of 55-60 days (days), which is vine and has strong growth potential. The tender pods are flat and green, and the pods have a beautiful appearance. The average pod is 16cm long and 1.8cm wide. The tender pods are neat, the commodity is excellent, and the fleshy surface. Generally, it can produce 3000kg per 667m2. Pay attention to timely harvesting. If the quality is reduced quickly after harvesting, the fiber will increase and lose the commerciality. 2 Improvement of fertilization technology 2.1 Application of base fertilizer Through repeated trials and demonstrations of different application methods of base fertilizer, fertilization is the best way to apply fertilizer in autumn and autumn, that is, when the soil is cut in the autumn, the ridge and the fertilizer are broken, and the organic fertilizer is 5m3 and the compound fertilizer is 10kg as the base fertilizer. Simple and easy to operate, it not only saves the time and cost of fertilization, but also saves labor. Through the freezing and wintering of the northeastern winter and spring, the fertilizer is also matured, increasing the utilization rate of fertilizer. 2.2 Application of top dressing Through several years of experiments, it has been found that the ratio of nitrogen and potassium in the compound fertilizer used for top dressing in the cultivation of the bean cultivar should be higher, which can increase the yield and improve the quality. The compound fertilizers such as Saco's nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium 16:8:16 and 16:8:20 are very good, and better at 16:8:20. Generally, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied as a top dressing before the bean head inserts. 2.3 Application of foliar fertilizer Generally, in the local pod-forming period from June 15th to August 15th, the application of foliar potassium phosphate to foliar application, about 7-8 times, can avoid the pods of the oil beans. 3 Use of herbicides Through screening tests on herbicide types and application methods, it can be seen that 48% zhongdingling (dimamide) emulsifiable concentrate has the best herbicidal effect on the peas, and the application method is 2-3 m (days) per 667 m2 before the mulch film. 100-200mL of medicine should be used. When spraying, pay attention to the ditch and the ridge surface to be sprayed completely to prevent leakage. It is also necessary to determine the dosage according to the soil organic matter content and soil moisture. The soil organic matter content is high, the water content is low, the dosage is high, the soil organic matter content is low, the soil water content is high, and the dosage is low. Weeding with pendimethalin (Shi Tianbu), the effect is close to that of diltiazem, but the cost is higher than that of dilamine; acetochlor has low cost, but the herbicidal effect is not good, and the control effect is only about 58%. It is only effective for grass weeds. 4 Chemical control of several major diseases The diseases that often occur in the cultivation of Snap Bean are mainly bacterial diseases, anthracnose, rust, bacterial diseases can be reduced by 30%, anthracnose and rust are reduced by 20%-30%, especially after the oil beans have anthracnose and rust. Lose its commerciality. It mainly uses biological pesticides to control various diseases. The bacterial disease is treated with copper hydroxide (can kill 2000) wettable powder 1000 times liquid. The control effect is best, the control effect can reach 85%, and the Zhongshengmycin 800 times liquid. The control effect is relatively poor, at around 73%. Anthrax is best with 43% tebuconazole (Haoli) suspension 1000 times solution, 50% imidamide (Shi Baogong) wettable powder 3000 times solution, 25% azoxystrobin ampicillate suspension 1200 times solution can also . The control effect of triadimefon (Pulverized Rust) on rust is good, and the control effect is 86.2%. Due to continuous drought in recent years, rust is lighter. 5 Determination of the interval of harvesting Tests have shown that the best harvesting interval for the bean is 3d (days), and the cost of labor for 2d (days) is too high, which will increase the labor cost by 33%. Although the labor cost is low at 4d (days) or 5d (days), the quality is degraded due to the long interval. The performance of Hayou 1 is more obvious. The fiber content is greatly increased after harvesting, and the commercial property is lost. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone White Pepper,Strong Aroma White Pepper,Herbs Flavoured White Pepper,Bell Pepper Granules White Pepper Sichuan Liuhang Agriculture Co.Ltd , https://www.lhagriculture.com