Potato planting management technology (with potato disease control)
As a common and important variety in agricultural planting in China, potato is not only widely planted, but also has many growers. It is a variety that many farmers in China like to grow. The following small series will tell you about potato planting techniques and potato disease prevention. Potatoes, also known as potatoes, are widely cultivated in China, especially the industrial pillar crops that are especially loved by farmers in the northern region. From the planting to the harvesting, the seedling stage, the tuber formation period, the tuber expansion period and the starch accumulation period are well prepared. It is very important for the stable production and high yield. It is the fourth type of food crop in the world, and it is also a nutritious vegetable crop. It contains a large amount of nutritive protein, various minerals, vitamins, etc., which are widely loved, and the potato has wide adaptability and requires simple cultivation. , can get high yield, get good economic benefits, is currently cultivated in large areas in northern China. 1. Deep tillage and land preparation methods: Potato is more suitable for the cultivation of sandy loam. Deep ploughing can make the soil loose, have good gas permeability, and can improve the soil's series of water storage, drought resistance and fertilizer retention, which is beneficial to improve the physical properties of the soil. The relative looseness of the soil is conducive to the healthy development of its root system. The more nutrient conditions of the root system, the better its development, and the corresponding increase in its yield. This situation is extremely important for its early growth of slower varieties. 2. Fertilizer preparation: Potatoes are like fertilizer crops, especially organic fertilizers. According to pollution-free production standards and fertilizer application guidelines, organic fertilizers can provide both comprehensive nutrition and improved soil physical structure. Generally, organic fertilizer is applied at 15~30t/hm (or about 75t/hm for farmyard manure), 750 kg/hm for superphosphate, 600 kg/hm for potassium sulfate and 150 kg/hm for urea. 3, dicing germination: Potato germination treatment, but also pay special attention to the appropriate sowing. Sowing too early, hot and rainy, very easy to rot potatoes, lack of seedlings; and too late, the growth period is insufficient, the yield is reduced. In addition, potato planting should be carried out before 10 am on the sunny day and after 3 pm on the sunny day. Germination began 20 days before the germination of the buds. When the potato is cut, each block has at least one bud. 10~15 pieces/jin is suitable. After cutting, the water soaking seeds are sterilized and disinfected with a small ash dry mix or carbendazim powder 1:200 times. After the seed is dried, the seedbed is germinated. 4, sowing: Timely sowing has an important impact on the growth and development of plants, and is a key link to achieve high yield. (1) Sowing when the soil temperature reaches 10~10°C in the depth of 10 cm; (2) Avoid freezing frost when the potato is seeded in spring, generally according to the local final frost day, 20~30 days is suitable for the sowing date; the north is generally on April 20 Sowing around the day. (3) The potato block formation period should be arranged in a season suitable for tuber formation and expansion. The average temperature does not exceed 23 °C, the sunshine hours do not exceed 14 h, and there is moderate rainfall. Rainy areas should be planted in small rain areas to avoid rotten potatoes in the field, resulting in reduced production. 5. Field management: The purpose of field management is to use scientific and comprehensive agricultural techniques to create good growth and development conditions for potato plants. It is an important link to promote early maturity, high yield and high efficiency. The field management of potato should emphasize an “early†word. The key point of management is to timely weed and weed, topdress and fertilize the soil in the early stage, and pay attention to drainage and irrigation in the later period to prevent pests and diseases. After the potato seedlings should be manually weeded in time, the topdressing should be early and not too late. After the seedlings are 80%, the first top dressing is applied. The ammonium bicarbonate is 600~750 kg/hm (or urea 225 kg/hm). It is necessary to fill the water in time, and the soil is plucked and watered. At the beginning of flowering, the potato pieces enter the A55_ speeding stage, combined with weeding to carry out the second soiling and watering. The plants are finished before the ridges are closed to prevent the tuber from being exposed to green. The second top dressing can be determined depending on the plant growth, and generally no top dressing is required. If necessary, a small amount of urea can be applied, about 150kg/hm. 6. Scientific fertilizer and water management: Potato fertilization should be mastered in the whole growth period. The principle of “pre-attack, preservation, and tail control†should be mastered. When the seedlings are unearthed 80%N, the quick-acting seedling fertilizer should be applied once, and the potato seedling stage begins to spray the fruit to make the underground fruit nutrition. The transport catheter becomes thicker, which enhances the fruit's swelling and vitality, the fruit surface is smooth, the fruit shape is strong, and the quality is high. Add hot fertilizer. Appropriate application of hot fertilizers and new high-fat membranes and potassium-containing fertilizers such as grass ash and fire-burning soil. Because hot fertilizer can increase the ground temperature, potassium can affect the permeability of cells, increase the concentration of cells, and thus enhance cold resistance. After the frost occurs, it should be inspected as early as possible. It is found that the plant has frost. Grab the water spray in the morning before the defrosting in the morning. It not only cleans the frost water but also reduces the temperature difference to prevent physiological dehydration to reduce the freezing damage. Integrated pest management: In the middle and late stages of potato, there are mainly diseases such as late blight, downy mildew and bacterial wilt. In the early stage of the disease, spray with a new high-fat film of sun-manganese zinc 500 times + new high-fat film on a dry day. The disease should be removed from the whole plant and incinerated. It is also necessary to apply lime in the diseased area and around it, or to sterilize it with 0.50/formalin solution, and then spray the agricultural streptomycin 2000 times solution + new high-fat film for prevention and control. The spread of the disease is harmful. Disease prevention and treatment: 1, viral disease It is mainly passed down from generation to generation. The poison rate of seed is very low, but it can also be the source of initial infection. The way the disease spreads in the field varies depending on the type of virus. For example, PVX is transmitted through the juice contact in the field. If the leaves rub against each other, the cutters and agricultural implements can spread. PVY is non-persistent through the mites, and the mites The transmission rate is very high; PLRV is a persistent transmission of aphids. After a certain period of incubation, the PDRV can transmit poison and maintain the virulence for 2 weeks. In the same year, only a part of the tubers were poisoned. For the formed tubers, the virus may not have been invaded. 2, early blight Symptoms of potato early blight are usually prevalent during periods of stress, and these stresses often result from lack of fertilizer (such as nitrogen and other nutrients), high temperatures, water shortage, and weak growth. After the potato is closed, the plant growth period begins, and the protective fungicide - chlorothalonil 75% wettable powder 600-800 times solution is sprayed once every 10 days. When the symptoms of early blight are found in the field, spray the therapeutic fungicide 80% mancozeb WP 800 times or 64% anti-virus WP 1500 times, spray once every 7d, and spray 3 times. 3, late blight The symptoms of potato late blight vary in different regions and climatic conditions. The initial symptoms are small spots of dark green circular soaking, often appearing on the lower plant leaves and around the tip and leaf margins, and then Spread to the entire leaf surface. In a humid environment, white fluff may appear on the back of the blade at the edge of the lesion. The surface of the infested tubers will exhibit abnormal, concave, unequal, purple-brown areas. Prevention: (1) Sowing healthy seeds, seed potatoes are best to be single, single, and single. (2) Monitor weather conditions to take precautions when needed. The above is the potato planting technology and pest control methods compiled by Huinong. I have learned it? If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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