Grasping the "Three Elements"
For many farmers, fertilization can be skillful and has experience to follow, but it is not so simple to truly achieve scientific and reasonable fertilization. Recently, the reporter interviewed Shi Chunxi, a researcher at the College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University. He said that scientific fertilization pays attention to the "three factors", that is, improving fertilizer efficiency, using the right method, and adapting to local conditions. Only in this way can fertilization be effective. A. How to improve fertilizer efficiency Spreading and stripping Shi Chunxi told reporters that spreading is generally used to apply basal fertilizer to farmland before planting crops, or deep, strip, and acupoint applications cannot be used during the growth of higher-density crops. The fertilization method can be evenly distributed to the soil cultivation layer, which is beneficial to the early absorption of the root system of the crop. The strip application is to use layered seeding before planting the crop, or after the crop is planted, the ditch is about 5-10 cm deep, and the soil is covered after application. Rotary fertilization is suitable for perennial woody crops. Generally, the trunk is used as the center of the circle, and a wheel-shaped fertilization ditch is excavated along the corresponding field surface of the above-ground canopy margin. After fertilization, it can also be covered with soil. The crescent-shaped ditch with a certain length of rice can also be used in the round area under the tree crown in combination with cultivated field loose soil when applying a large amount of organic fertilizer in winter. Leaching dissolves fertilizer in water to form a fertilizer solution, and infiltrates the soil surface where crop roots are concentrated. For phosphate and potassium fertilizers, base fertilizers should be used mainly because of their low mobility. It is not appropriate to use leaching. A small part can also achieve the purpose of top-root fertilizer application. Spraying is mainly used for trace element fertilizers, and the amount is relatively economical, which can avoid soil fixation, fast nutrient absorption, high efficiency, easy to control concentration, reduce pollution, and foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution when the root absorption capacity of the crop is weak in the later stage It can supplement phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which can increase grain weight and increase yield. Shi Chunxi introduced that the application method of flushing fertilizer with water is also called “rush fertilizationâ€. Generally, it is a kind of topdressing that provides supplemental nutrition during the rapid growth of crops. Since it is supplementary fertilization, it cannot replace the main fertilization methods such as base fertilizer. Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, as well as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate in potassium fertilizer can be fertilized by flushing. "Phosphate fertilizer should not be applied because it dissolves very poorly after dissolving, it is easy to be fixed and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water." Shi Chunxi emphasized that the best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be buried in the soil in layers to improve it. Its utilization. At the same time, high-concentration compound fertilizers or insoluble solid organic fertilizers and microbial preparations are not suitable for flushing. C. Choose fertilizer according to local conditions Soils such as sandy soil should be applied with more organic fertilizers, such as soil mixed fertilizers, straw returned to the field, or green manures should be pressed and fertilized in a timely manner to gradually improve soil properties. Organic fertilizer applied to clay must be fully decomposed and matured. Topdressing chemical fertilizers should be applied well in advance, and it is advisable to "eat more and eat less", reduce the number of fertilization, and avoid excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizer in the later period to prevent crops from becoming stale. In addition, plow soil should be cultivated regularly to improve soil aeration. The loam should be combined with long-acting and short-acting fertilizers to timely meet the demand for fertilizers at different growth stages of the crop; organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be used to fertilize the soil and use both nutrients; and a large amount of fertilizers should be combined with micro-fertilizers to provide crops with timely Of various nutrients. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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B. What fertilizer should be used for fertilizing?