How is the water spinach soilless? Water and fertilizer management of hollow vegetables and pest control
How is the water spinach soilless? With the continuous development of agricultural technology, soilless cultivation techniques have been widely used in crop vegetable cultivation, which can not only save planting costs, improve vegetable growing environment, but also facilitate the rapid growth of crop vegetables and high yield, so how to carry out soilless vegetables Cultivation? Now Xiaobian introduces the technical points of soilless culture of water spinach as follows. 1. Cultivation system of water spinach 1. Construction tank a. The cultivated trough is 25-30cm high, 50cm wide and 70cm wide, according to the way of low south and high north; b. The gap between the cultivation troughs can be sealed with cement mortar, or it can be filled with mud. 2. Cultivation substrate a, substrate: mushroom residue, slag mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to 1.5, each 1m3 mixed matrix and then added 10kg of sterile puffed chicken manure, 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer; b. If conditions permit, mix with fine sand, peat, vermiculite and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 2:1:1:2 to form a composite matrix. The organic fertilizer can select poultry manure. 3. Slotting a, after laying 5cm of sand in the middle, the uniformly mixed matrix is ​​filled into the trough and leveled, and the water is poured into the substrate; b. After the water penetrates into the matrix, the film is covered for 10-15 days, which is beneficial to the full decomposition of the fertilizer. Second, the seedlings of water spinach Soaking seeds a. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 50-60 degrees of warm water for half an hour, then soak them in clear water for 24 hours, then remove and wash them; b. The washed seeds are placed in a temperature of 30 degrees for germination; c. When the seed is germinated, it needs to be rinsed once a day with warm water. After 5-7 days, the seeds are white and can be sown. 2. Plug and substrate preparation a, 72 holes or 128 holes of seedling trays; b. Select a light matrix such as peat, vermiculite or perlite, which has the advantages of small specific gravity, water retention and ventilation; c, selecting light substrate seedlings, the ratio of matrix preparation is grass charcoal: vermiculite: decomposed organic fertilizer = 2:1:1; d. For the substrate, it is necessary to carry out insecticides and diseases, and to cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings; The e, 1 m3 matrix was used to make 150 g each of 50% carbendazim syrup and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate. 3. Substrate loading and sowing a. Seeding first removes the excess substrate after loading the seedling substrate in the tray, and waters the substrate; b. After the water penetrates into the matrix, stack 2-3 cavity plates of the same specification and press out the seeding hole; c. Cover a layer of vermiculite after sowing, and then cover the film for moisturizing; d. After the emergence of the spinach, the film is uncovered in time to be transparent to the wind. 4. Seedbed management a, keep the daytime temperature at 25 degrees, and the nighttime temperature at 10 degrees or more; b. In the seedling period of the spinach, it is necessary to ensure that the seedling substrate is always in a wet state; c. When the spinach seedling height is 5-7cm, spray the foliar fertilizer once, the concentration is 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate; d. The colonization operation can be carried out when the spinach seedlings are 10-15 cm high. 3. Soilless culture of water spinach Colonization a. Colonization in the afternoon according to the distance of the plant row of 15 cm × cm; b. Water should be poured before planting. When the water penetrates into the ground, the seedlings are implanted into the matrix, and 2-3 knots can be buried. 2. Fertilizer management a. After planting, the base fertilizer should be applied. After the growth of the water spinach, it can be harvested several times, but every time it is harvested, it needs to be topdressed in time, mainly applying 2-4kg of urea; b, the spinach prefers a moist environment, so it is necessary to water several times to keep the soil moist; c. During the harvest period, water is poured once every 4-5 days. 3. Pest control a, the main pests and diseases are: squatting disease, stem rot, white rust, whitefly, snail, cabbage caterpillar, red spider, aphid, aphid, bean moth, etc. b. Prevention and treatment methods: use insect-proof nets to prevent the spread of pests and reduce the use of drugs.
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