2016 Middle and Lower Reaches of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have large planting areas and high yields, which are important rice producing areas in China. At present, "Lixia" has passed, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have begun to plant seedlings. However, since the beginning of April, there have been many heavy rains in the area, which have affected the preparation of the fields, the breeding of the crops and the cultivation of the strong. In view of current meteorological conditions and production practices, technical opinions on mid-season rice transplanting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are proposed. First, the appropriate sowing, dilute broadcast and uniform. According to the seasonal arrangement, the connection of the sputum, the variety growth period, and timely sowing, it can last from the end of April to the end of May. Due to the heavy rain this year, Putian should choose a field with a high terrain and is not easy to be affected. According to the area of ​​the field, the type of the species, and the method of transplanting, the area of ​​the trampoline and the number of the pans should be calculated to ensure the breeding of the foot and the seedlings. For artificial transplanting, dry nursery or wet nursery can be used, and the ratios of Putian and Datian are 1..20 and 1..10, respectively. For machine transplanting, the hybrid mid-season rice is 20-25 trays per acre, 70-90 grams per dry seed; the conventional indica rice is 30-35 trays per acre, and 100-120 grams per dry seed. Whether it is a trampoline breeding or a simmering seedling, it must be diluted and evenly distributed to lay the foundation for cultivating the strong. Where conditions permit, it is necessary to actively promote the cultivation of factory-wide greenhouses and adhere to the drought and dryness management. The direct seeding rice should be spread evenly, and the mechanical precision strips (holes) should be promoted. Second, water and fertilizer regulation, cultivation and strong. Keep warm and moisturize, ensure that the buds are budded out and the seedlings are released. The seedlings in the field are covered with water and the seedbed is moist. Conventional nursery is humidified before emergence, and shallow wet irrigation after emergence. The factory-made trays are operated according to the technical regulations, and the special breeding substrate is generally used without fertilization. In the field, the seedlings are mostly made of Tianmu plus strong sputum, and the amount of margarine is applied before transplanting. Seedbed nursery (conventional nursery) 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer for the base fertilizer, used in Putian or Putian; seedlings two leaves one heart period, apply 3-4 kg of urea as a weaning fertilizer; 3-4 days before transplanting, Apply 5 kg of urea to the body. If the age is longer, spray paclobutrazol to control the height of the seedlings. Third, fine land preparation and improve quality. Whether it is machine transplanting, artificial transplanting, throwing or directing rice fields, the quality of Datian land preparation should be Tianping, soft and fat. In particular, if the amount of straw in the front is returned to the field, it should be crushed, spread evenly, and buried in the soil. The height difference of the whole field is no more than 3 cm. The surface of the field is “tidyâ€, there are no weeds and debris, no scum, etc. The topsoil is fine and thick, and the top is rotten. After the paddy field is leveled, it needs to be moderately solid. The sandy soil is solid for about 1 day, the loam is solid for 1-2 days, and the clay is solid for 2-3 days. When the mud is sedimented, the topsoil is soft and hard, and the operation is not trapped. Keep the thin water machine plugged in. Throwing or transplanting is suitable for the surface water to be just dried. Fourth, timely transplanting, planting seedlings. For machine transplanting, throwing cockroaches, strict control of ages 15-20 days, 3-4 leaves transplanting, avoid excessive age. For hand transplanting and throwing, the age should be controlled within 25 days. When transplanting, it is necessary to determine the appropriate planting specifications according to the species, and the seedlings should be appropriately inserted less, and the seedlings should be properly inserted. The conventional indica rice with spike number or ear-grain type has 1.7-1.9 million points, 3-4 seedlings per hole; large-ear type hybrid japonica rice is inserted into 1.5-1.7 million points, about 2 seedlings per hole; Hybrid rice is inserted into 1.2-1.5 million holes, and 1-2 seedlings per hole. For the throwing of the field, it is necessary to transfer the densely packed and make the whole field seedlings evenly distributed. Fifth, prevention and control of pests and diseases, chemical weeding. The current rainy weather conditions are conducive to the development of pests such as sheath blight, rice blast, and rice planthopper. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and forecasting of pests and diseases, prepare for prevention and control in advance, and actively promote the rule of unified defense. Spray a long-acting pesticide 3-5 days before transplanting, and take the seedlings to the field. For direct seeding rice fields, it is necessary to strengthen weed control, and vigorously promote chemical weeding and weeding before tillage and transplanting (seeding). 6. Prevent floods, disaster prevention and mitigation. According to the meteorological department, due to the impact of super-strong El Niño, the overall climate year of China this year, the flood season (May-September) precipitation is more, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southwestern part of the country, there is more precipitation, there may be heavier grievances, Jianghuai Some river farms in Jianghan and northern Jiangnan may have flood disasters, which is not conducive to rice growth and development. It is necessary to formulate technical opinions on disaster prevention and mitigation as early as possible, prepare flood prevention and flood prevention in advance, and collect and dredge the ditch to collect water in order to avoid flooding in the field and water in the trampoline. At the same time, make post-disaster remedial measures in advance to mitigate disaster losses. 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