Summer grape critical period fertilization management points, summer grape common pests and diseases and prevention methods

Summer grape critical period fertilization management points of summer grape common pests and diseases and prevention methods, the recent high temperature, coincides with the grape critical period. The critical period is the most critical period in grape production. During this period, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and roots grow rapidly. When the yield is formed in the same year, the flower buds in the second year begin to differentiate and are in the period of tree nutrient conversion. Pests and diseases have begun to occur in large numbers, and natural disasters have occurred frequently. Improper management of the critical period will cause flower buds to degenerate. Therefore, the critical period of the grape determines both the growth and results of the year and the growth of the elderly.

Red grape is important to prevent "five diseases and two insects"

After the red grape is thanked to the bag, it is the key period to control the fruit disease. According to the rainfall situation, it is generally required to spray 3 to 4 times. The main diseases and prevention and control points are as follows.

The key control period of white rot: after the young fruit period, after the color change, after the rainstorm hail.

Control measures: Increasing the position of the ear by pruning is the most effective measure to prevent and control white rot. In addition, after the occurrence of severe weather such as hail and heavy rain, the systemic drug is sprayed and controlled within 12 hours, alternating with 25% pyraclostrobin 2000 times, 20% love 1500 times, 5% beborin The siliconazole is 1000 times and the 10% difenoconazole is 2000 times.

There are three key prevention periods for gray mold: pre-flowering, post-flowering, and maturity.

Control agent: 40% pyrimethanil 1000 times, 80% procymidone 2000 times. Alternate use.

The key control period of cob brown blight: inflorescence isolation period, 2 to 4 days before flowering and 2 to 3 days after flowering.

Control agent: 10% difenoconazole 2000 times, 40% difenoconazole 4000 times, 25% pyraclostrobin 2000 times. Alternate use.

The key control period of black pox: 2 to 3 leaf stage, 7 days before flowering, 10 days after flowering and young bean size.

Control agent: 10% difenoconazole 2000 times, 20% love 1500 times, 25% pyraclostrobin 2000 times, alternate leaf spray.

The key prevention and treatment period of downy mildew: before the beginning of June to before maturity, before and after each rain is the key period to prevent downy mildew, and the key control period from July to September.

Control agent: 70% Baoye Bingsen zinc 600 times, 80% Baoye new manganese 600 times. After each rain, alternately use Wangquan 200 times, 72% nail cream, manganese zinc 1000 times, 10% dimethomorph 800 times. It can be used alternately before rain.

The key control period of the green blind cockroach: the germination to the leaf-expanding stage is the peak period of the green-spotted scorpion. According to its characteristics in the evening, it is best to spray the medicine in the evening, and spray the ground and the tree at the same time.

Control agent: Optional 2.5% Tyrone 1000 times + 10% thousand red 2000 times or 4.5% Zhenglong 1000 times + 45% positive 6000 times.

The key control period of Hummer: As long as the temperature and humidity conditions are appropriate, there will be Hummer damage, but mainly before the young fruit period. The damage of high temperature thrips in summer will be alleviated. The thrips are active and damaging on the trees by adult, first and second instar larvae, and the mature larvae and pupa are active in the soil.

Control agent: Optional 2.5% Tyrone 1000 times + 10% thousand red 2000 times or 4.5% Zhenglong 1000 times + 45% positive 6000 times.

Expanding fruit during pregnancy

"People are iron, rice is steel, and they don't eat hungry and panic." This sentence vividly illustrates the importance of supplementing energy for three meals a day. Fruit trees are the same as people. If you don't eat well, you won't be good. Although you don't have to eat three meals a day, you should apply at least 3 times a year. And to eat in September, eat well in June, not less in March.

The symptoms of grape deficiency are as follows:

Nitrogen deficiency: initial yellow leaves, after severe, the leaves are all white.

Phosphorus deficiency: initial symptoms, the leaves appear a faint red. Gradually increasing, the end of the blade appears a ring of purple. The fruit is half red and half green during the ripening period because of phosphorus deficiency. Nowadays, some fertilizer manufacturers produce fertilizers because of the lack of a process, so that the available active phosphorus content is not high. This can be fermented by layer of organic fertilizer layer of superphosphate or silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is piled up. When the base fertilizer is applied.

Potassium deficiency: The mesophyll is purple.

Calcium deficiency: The calcium deficiency of the grape makes the cell wall thin. In the case of high pressure and high permeability, the cell wall is broken and the nutrient water is extravasated. The leaves are physiologically filled with water. Due to calcium deficiency, the cell wall is too thin. In the case of hypertonicity, especially after pouring water, the water will penetrate into the middle of the mesophyll along the veins to form a water stain. After drying, the veins turn reddish brown. Calcium deficiency can also cause cracking of the umbilical part of the fruit.

Magnesium deficiency: The symptoms of the middle and late leaves are tiger skin leaves. It is easy to be confused with potassium deficiency. The lack of potassium begins to yellow from the edge of the leaf and gradually develops inward; the edge of the leaf lacking magnesium is still green.

Boron deficiency: it will lead to necrosis of growth points, and the lack of boron in new shoots will cause the leaves to fall off. The symptoms of boron deficiency and downy mildew infested fruit are very similar, but the boron-deficient pulp has been lignified; the downy mildew is dark brown. Boron deficiency can also lead to incomplete flower bud development and no stamens.

Zinc deficiency: zinc deficiency is first caused by chlorosis of the veins, most of which occur from the old leaves, from bottom to top. In the middle stage of zinc deficiency, the veins turn white. In severe cases, all the veins turn green and turn yellow and white. Quick zinc supplementation method: amine fresh ester + zinc sulfate + detergent spray.

Manganese deficiency: The leaves of the base of the new shoot become light green, followed by fine yellow spots between the veins. It can be improved by using mancozeb wettable powder before flowering.

Iron deficiency: When the iron is severely deficient, the whole leaves will turn yellow and white, and the leaves will dry.

5 watering is very important

The fertilization and irrigation of the vineyard should be carried out according to the characteristics of the fertilizer, the characteristics of the fertilizer and the local soil fertility. The most important five fertilizers in the vineyard are described below.

1. Germination: watering before the grapes are unearthed until the germination. In areas with dry and dry conditions in spring, water should be irrigated once to meet the needs of grape sprouting.

2. Flowering before flowering: Water is irrigated once every 10 days before and after flowering. Before the flower is combined with the application of the flower fertilizer, the fertilizer is dissolved in the water and can be quickly absorbed by the roots, which has an obvious effect on promoting the rapid growth of the inflorescence, the ovary and the pollen, and improving the pollination effect and the fruit setting rate.

3. Berry period: When the berry grows to the size of the soybean granules, the new shoots also grow vigorously. At this time, the temperature rises continuously, the water evaporation of the leaves is getting larger and larger, and nutrients and water are urgently needed. Therefore, in late June, it is necessary to combine the application of fruit fertilizer to promote fruit water. At this stage, when there is little rain, water should be poured every 7-8 days to meet the needs of new shoots and berries.

4. Berry expansion period: In the berry stage before the ear is ripe, combined with fertilization to fill the berry ripe water, this can supplement the water shortage in the late growth stage of the grape, improve the yield and quality of the grape, and promote the ripening of the ear.

5. Late harvest: After harvesting the fruit, it should be irrigated 2~3 times before the cold to improve the soil moisture, promote the growth and development of the roots, moisturize the branches and prevent the draining. In arid areas, it is necessary to dry for 2 to 3 days after the wintering and freezing water is poured. After the surface soil is dry, it is buried in the cold to prevent the soil moisture from being too large, causing the buds to rot.

5 fertilization is very important

1. germination fertilizer: generally applied before the grape sprouting, this time is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer, the purpose is to promote germination neat, the leaves are thick, the inflorescence is large and strong. If the tree is too strong and the spring is not very dry, the fertilizer can be saved, so as not to cause new shoots.

2. Swelling fat: After the grapes are placed, the fruit is applied to the green beans to the soybeans. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, and both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied. High-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be applied, or ordinary ternary compound fertilizer can be applied, and nitrogen fertilizer such as urea can be added as appropriate. The amount of fertilizer is large, accounting for about 50% of the annual fertilization amount.

3. Ripening fertilizer: two times. Apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 20 to 30 days before maturity, and apply the fertilizer once the grape berry begins to soften. This fertilization is very important. After many fruit farmers have applied large fertilizers, they will no longer apply ripening fertilizers, resulting in poor fruit color change (commonly known as water tank disease) or poor resistance to deficiency of fertilizer, easy to get sick, sugar is not high, and can not sell good prices. It can be directly applied with functional fertilizer or a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer to promote color change (recommended high-phosphorus and high-potassium type, and contains trace elements boron and zinc).

4. “Yuezi Fertilizer”: refers to the application of fertilizer once after harvesting the grapes, usually applying a large amount of elemental water soluble fertilizer (high nitrogen type) 15 kg. The effect of this fertilizer is to restore the tree potential and promote flower bud differentiation. , laying the foundation for the high yield of the next year.

5. Autumn base fertilizer (winter winter fertilizer): The traditional method is to apply the grape during the dormant period. In recent years, it has been advocated in August and September. After the grapes are harvested, they are also applied during the growth of the green leaves. At this time, it is the second highest peak of grape root growth, which can promote the grape to produce a large number of fibrous roots, so as to strengthen the tree, which is more conducive to wintering. The fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer (if it is applied to farmyard manure, it must be decomposed), and at the same time, calcium fertilizer is applied, and a small amount of three elements is added.

The amount of fertilizer applied per year and the amount of fertilizer per fertilizer can be determined according to soil conditions, tree age, yield and fertilizer quality. After each fertilization, the water should be poured once, the water volume is not as large as possible, and the water and water loss is caused by the assembly. After the application of the expanded fertilizer, the two waters should be poured continuously, usually in the middle of 5 to 7 days. In addition, before the wintering of the grapes, they should be irrigated once a day. After the soil is loose, they should be ploughed 1 time to prevent frost.

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