What are the effects of temperature on the growth and development of papaya?

October 19, 2023

Papaya is a tropical fruit tree with a hot and humid climate. Temperature is the decisive factor for papaya distribution, economic cultivation, yield and quality. Papaya is suitable for economic cultivation in areas with an average annual temperature of 22~25°C and a minimum monthly average temperature of 16°C. Papaya growth temperature is 26~32°C; temperature is the lowest temperature for papaya growth at 15°C; papaya plant growth stagnates when temperature is 10°C; and papayas appear cold when it is overcast for 3 days and above average daily temperature is 10°C. In the short time 5 °C papaya plant young tissue has appeared cold damage; temperature at 0 °C papaya plants robust leaves were frozen and died. Most of the papaya-producing areas in China are vulnerable to cold and freezing in the winter. However, the temperature is too high for the growth and development of papaya is also unfavorable, when the temperature is higher than 35 °C, the development of papaya flower is affected, there is a trend of male, will cause falling flowers and falling fruit, affecting yield.

The temperature has a significant effect on the fruit development and fruit quality of papaya. For example, in Taiwan, such as October to November, about 6 months after flowering, the fruit matures from April to May of the following year; in December and January, flowering takes about 5 months to mature from May to June; in 2~4 The flowering of months and July to September also takes 5 months and matures from July to September and from December to February respectively. The flowering from May to June takes only 4 months and matures from September to October. In the Guangzhou area, early fruit development is under relatively warm conditions, such as flowering from May to July and mature papaya fruit from September to November, with high sugar content, good flavor, and good quality; if the papaya fruit develops in the late middle and late temperatures, For example, the papaya fruit that blooms from September to October and matures from March to April the following year often suffers from hard, light, bitter, and poor quality due to the cold weather in the medium term; if it is at a relatively high temperature, such as 11 Flowering on the month, ripening from May to June the following year, the flesh can still be softened, so the sugar content is slightly higher and the flavor is also better.

At the same time, the soil temperature also affects the growth of papaya. In summer, due to the higher water level, the shallow root distribution and the lack of soil cover, often cause damage to the roots due to excessively high soil temperature, resulting in leaf yellowing; in winter, the surface soil temperature tends to Lower, coupled with drought, the damage to the surface roots also affects the growth of the plants. Soil cover, especially covered with black plastic film, can significantly increase soil temperature and moisture retention, which is beneficial to plant growth.

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