Spring sweet potato planting time and high-yield cultivation techniques
How to grow spring sweet potatoes? Sweet potato has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, wide adaptability, strong resistance to stress, rich nutrition and wide application. So how do spring sweet potato planting achieve high yields? (1) Balanced fertilization, ridge planting According to the test, the production of 1000kg potato chips requires absorption of 4-5kg of N, P4O5O is 3-4kg, and K2O is 7-8kg. Therefore, the application of full and full fertilizer is an important condition for high yield of sweet potato. Fertilization should be done in the early stage, the fertilizer is quick, and the seedlings are early; the medium-term fertilizer is stable, strong but not prosperous; the late fertilizer is long and the plants are not premature. High-yield fields should generally apply more than 4000kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of urea, 20kg of diammonium phosphate and 25kg of potassium sulfate. The fertilization method should be applied when the ridge is used. The high-yield soil of sweet potato is characterized by loose structure, large porosity, good gas permeability, sufficient oxygen supply, and water venting. Combined with deep ploughing and ridge cultivation, it can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The ridge protruding from the ground is beneficial to the rainy season drainage, as well as the decomposition of organic matter, and can make the daytime heat absorption faster, increase the ground temperature, fast heat dissipation at night, and large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to sweet potato growth and root accumulation nutrients. When ridges, it is necessary to make ridge-shaped obesity, the furrows are narrow and deep, the ridges are flat, the ridges are solid, and there is no big cockroaches and hard hearts. The ridge distance is generally about 70cm. (2) Planting in time and choosing strong Sweet potato roots are asexual reproduction vegetative bodies, no obvious maturity, generally stop growing when the temperature is below 15 °C, the ground temperature drops to 16 °C - -18 °C, the roots stop expanding. Early planting can prolong the growth period and form roots early. It can use the temperature conditions before the rainy season to make the roots expand rapidly, and store the photosynthetic products formed by stems and leaves in the enlarged roots during the hot and rainy season. Promote coordinated growth of the underground and upper parts. According to the meteorological data for many years, the time for planting spring potato in our city is around May 1st. The experiment shows that the planting of April 28 is more than that of May 10, the root enlargement period is extended by 7 days, the yield of mu is increased by about 10%, and the potato pieces are neat and fresh. The quality of the potato is high. In order to improve the survival rate of seedlings and the early growth and long-term, the seedlings should be selected from the first batch of seedlings in the seedling bed. The first batch of stalks are thick and strong, the leaves are strong and the roots are developed. The gallbladder should be fully refining. Generally, the seedlings are 3-5 days of sun exposure in the seedling bed before planting, so that the leaves of the seedlings are dark green and the leaves are thickened. If the seedlings are smashed, a white serum flows out from the section. Planting this seedling has a high survival rate, rapid growth and high yield. Do not choose sorghum without smelting, black yam, and sautéed yam. (3) promptly picking up vines and topping the top In the rainy season, sweet potato stems and leaves grow lush, roots are easy to grow, and nutrients are dispersed, which is not conducive to the transport of photosynthetic products to the roots. In order to prevent this phenomenon, in the past, vines were used to reduce soil moisture, increase ground temperature and prevent rooting. According to the experiment, the sweet potato vines both labor and production, mainly after the vines, the stem and leaf damage is serious, breaking the optimal distribution of light energy received by the leaves, the photosynthetic strength is reduced by 30%, the respiratory intensity is increased by 19%, and the yield is reduced by about 10%. . The production of vines is changed to vines, which avoids the damage of stems and leaves, does not destroy the distribution of leaves, and is conducive to high yield. But the vine should not be too much, usually 1-2 times, the time ends before the end of August. The sweet potato topping and topping can control the length and growth of the main stem, promote the growth of the side buds, and the branches grow fast. The specific method is to remove the growth point of the main stem at the top of the main stem after the sweet potato is planted, and promote the branching. When the branch length is up to 12 knots, the branch growth point is removed. This can beneficially coordinate the contradiction between the upper part and the lower part of the ground, which is conducive to the expansion of the root. (4) Chemical control, suppression, and fertilizer Excessive fertility in potato fields, especially excessive N, often causes stems and leaves to grow, affecting the expansion of roots and reducing yield. Practice to prove the gallbladder, spraying the plant growth inhibitors such as paclobutrazol or ketamine in the potato field, can play a role in controlling. Generally, the first spraying before the rainy season in early July will be sprayed every 10-15 days, and even sprayed 3-4 times. Each time, 50-100 g of paclobutrazol or 7-15 g of acetaminophen is used, and 50-75 kg of water is evenly sprayed. When spraying, the dosage of medicinal drugs can be flexibly used according to the growth of stems and leaves, the amount of rainfall, the characteristics of varieties, and the soil fertility. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, sweet potato is mainly based on filling fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. The chasing cracks have 4-5kg of urea, 10kg of superphosphate leaching solution, 3kg of potassium sulphate, and 150-200kg of water. It is used as a nutrient solution. When cracks are generally started in the field, the water will be poured along the cracks in the cloudy or sunny afternoon. , requires uniform application. Foliar spray fertilizer depends on the growth of the plant. The growth is weak and the signs of premature aging are mainly sprayed with N. With P and K fertilizer, 100kg of water plus 0.5kg of urea and 0.2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed and sprayed evenly. The main prosperous P (P) fertilizer can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. In the end of August, a package of sweet potato swells can be used in acre, 20kg of water is added to dissolve and filter, then the leaves of the plants are evenly sprayed, and sprayed twice, each time about 10d. In case of autumn drought, timely irrigation can prevent premature aging, prolong the functional period of the leaves, and increase the rate of root enlargement. Generally, one water is poured in the first ten days of September, and the leaf area coefficient is 0.6 higher than that of water watering, and the yield per mu is 24.2%. Sweet potato Xifeng, the amount of irrigation should not be too large, about 40m3 per mu. And pay attention to not step on the potato ridge after irrigation, so as not to affect soil permeability. The above is the whole content of spring sweet potato cultivation technology. 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