Chicken Coccidiosis Immunology
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Coccidiosis has the highest incidence among chicken infectious diseases. As long as there are chickens, chicken coccidiosis is almost always present, especially in intensive chicken farms. The death caused by coccidiosis and the decline in production capacity, as well as the drug residues and other problems during the treatment process, have brought huge losses to the chicken industry in China. The use of immunological methods to reduce the occurrence of coccidiosis is an effective measure to reduce losses. 1. Vaccine selection and preservation. It is recommended to choose joint vaccines (such as the Einerivac seedlings from China Agricultural University), which have high safety and protection rates and low prices. Immunization with such vaccines has the best effect. Coccidiosis vaccine is sensitive to temperature, and the suitable temperature is 2-8°C. The temperature is too high or icing conditions are easy to death, regardless of transport or storage, the temperature should be controlled within the appropriate range. 2. Avoid the effects of drugs on the vaccine. When coccidial immunity was performed, it was determined that there was no anticoccidial drug in the feed used. At the same time, no anticoccidial drug should be used within the first two days and the last 3 weeks of immunization. Within the first two days and two weeks afterwards, drugs such as sulfa and tetracycline, which have anticoccidial effects, cannot be used to prevent the vaccine from being killed and affect the immune effect. 3. Pay attention to the health status of the flock during immunization. When immunizing, only good chickens should be vaccinated. When the flock is onset, the immune effect will be severely affected. In particular, immunosuppressive diseases such as bursal disease, Marek's disease, chicken anemia, and reticuloendotheliosis occur. 4. Immunization procedures should be reasonable. The appropriate time for immunization of chicken coccidiosis is 1-3 days, the sooner the better, to avoid early infection. Inoculation dose is one for each, do not miss the optimal time for immunization and increase or decrease the dose. 5. Correct vaccination. Chicken coccidia vaccination methods include drops, spices and drinking water immunity. The method of inoculation with drops and spices should be used. Immunity to drinking water is not neat and should be used with caution. (1) The degree of uniformity and effectiveness of the mouth-drip immunization is the most ideal, but it is necessary to drip one by one and the workload is large. When conditions permit, it is advisable to use drip immunization as much as possible. Specific method of operation: Divide 1000 parts of the vaccine with 53-55 ml of normal saline or cold boiled water (do not dilute it with warm water). Shake it well with a dropper (a disposable syringe is used without a dropper). Two drops can be. Be careful to shake the vaccine regularly to keep the vaccine uniform. (2) The method of immunization with condiments and feedstuffs is simple, the workload is small, and the immune effect is not as good as that of the dripping mouth, but it is also an ideal method that is more ideal. The specific operation method is to spread the chicken's feed evenly in the feeding utensils, and then dilute the vaccine with 1000 kg of cold boiled water. Stir well and put it into a sprayer that has been thoroughly cleaned. Spray evenly on the surface of the feed for each chicken so as to wet only the surface of the feed. Always spray the sprayer during spraying to keep the vaccine uniform. 6. Precautions during immunization: (1) Adding an appropriate amount of electrolysis in drinking water at the time of immunization will help reduce stress, enhance the health of the flock, and improve the immune effect. (2) If drugs with anticoccidial effects are used within 2 weeks after immunization, supplemental immunization should be performed 2 days after the end of treatment. (3) 1-2 weeks after immunization, broad-spectrum antibiotics without anticoccidial effects can be administered to reduce secondary infection. (4) During the immunization period, changes in feed, noise, and startle should be minimized to cause stress to the flock and affect the immune effect.