Key techniques for pit fish farming in mountainous areas
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I. Highlights of the mountain aquaculture Rural family potholes and fish farming refer to the adoption of natural small ponds in front of houses, or small-scale ponds excavated in waste lands and open spaces for rural aquaculture. Fish way. In a broad sense, it still belongs to the pond fish culture category, but it has its own characteristics compared with the general pond fish culture: small size, easy to manage near the house, do not take good land fertile land.
Rural family potholes and fish farming were developed earlier in Suiyang County and they have a deep mass base. Many families spontaneously use the open space behind the house to excavate ponds for fish farming. Every time a holiday arrives, people come and go and fish two fish from the pond to eat. As early as 1982, rural family pothole fish farming had been incorporated into the development plan of the county's aquaculture industry. At that time, there were more than 600 potholes and 62 acres of culture area in the county. The following years, it developed rapidly and by the end of 2003 it had exceeded 6000. One, the output increased from a single 9.2 kg to 13.6 kg, which is 21% higher than the average yield of the pond. The total output reached 81.6 tons, accounting for 31.4% of the pond fish production and accounting for 9.6% of the county's aquatic product output. At present, the breeds that are cultured are mainly common breeds such as oysters, oysters, grasses, oysters, and oysters, and there are also a few species of special aquatic products such as quails, frogs, fork tails, cormorants and beard owls. Most of the farming methods are semi-intensive, ie feeding grass, vegetables, rice bran, and potatoes. It can be seen that fish farming in rural villages has become an indispensable and important component of the aquaculture industry in Suiyang County.
Second, the characteristics of family pothole fishes The development of family potholes in mountainous areas has unique conditions. First, rural families in rural areas are scattered and there are more open spaces behind houses; second, there are more mountainous streams, richer water resources, and better quality water; thirdly, feed is easy to solve, green grass and other green fodder are available everywhere, Rich in by-products such as potato and wheat bran and rice bran; Fourth, small water body, easy management, local use of Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and cure disease, which not only saves costs, but also has no toxic or side effects, and the product quality is safe and reliable; Fifth, aquaculture technology Simple, farmers are easy to learn and accept; Sixth, the product volume is small and not listed, there is no market pressure and risk...
The county has more than 180,000 rural households. After many years of investigations by the author, the survey has examined water, open space, climate, and management capabilities. One-sixth of households have access to family potholes, but only There are 6,000 households, accounting for 20%, and the space available is still large.
As the mountainous regions form a variety of landforms with vertical and horizontal intertwining of the gutters and troughs, and the three-dimensional climate is more obvious, this climate feature is suitable for the development of normal temperature aquaculture such as soft-shelled turtle, earthworm, earthworm, and grass. It also has the ability to develop cold water such as scavengers and squid. The natural conditions of fish farming can improve the structure of cultured species. Adequate water sources and suitable conditions can be used for running fish or microfluidic fish to increase unit production and improve product quality.
Third, the technical points Summarize the county's many years of experience in family pothole fish, it is basically the same with the technical requirements of pond fish, mainly to grasp the following key links.
1. Adapt to local conditions and make full use of resources. Choose areas where the water source is safe, water quality is good, drainage is convenient, water is kept, and the fishing ponds are near the house's open and empty areas. The area and shape are flexibly controlled according to geographical conditions, generally 30 to 50 m2, as far as possible under the principle of full use of land. Shape rules for manipulation. In addition to the flow pool can be used to grind the surface of stone mortar, the other is to use soil compaction, so that it does not leak proof, according to the size of the appropriate adjustment of the depth, generally 0.8 to 1 meter.
2. Fish stocking. In spring, 2 to 5 inch fish species will be released at 2/m2, or 4 to 5 tail/m2 will be placed in summer. Before stocking, use 2 to 4% saline or other disinfectant body surface disinfection (Laotang disinfected before 10 days). Water live potholes are dominated by herbivorous fish, with 30% of carp and 10% of carp. Static waterholes are mainly crickets, cockroaches, beard owls, etc., with a small amount of cockroaches, cockroaches, and grass carp. High-mountain flow pools can cultivate cold and water-based valuable fish species such as stricken belly fish and squid, and carry out artificial intensive culture; the lowland Pingba area can breed soft-shelled turtles and tilapia.
3. Feeding management.
Feeding: Feeding fish-based pots are mainly fed with wheat bran, rice bran, potatoes or artificial compound feeds. Herbivorous fish-based pot pits are mainly vegetables and fodder, supplemented with fine In the morning and at night, one shot each time, and it is appropriate to eat 80% of the fish. Carnivorous species such as soft-shelled turtles should also be fed with fresh animal feed, such as oysters, snail meat, oyster meat, animal organs, and slaughtered leftovers.
Timely replanting of fish species: pot fishes are not limited by fishing season, and they are flexible. However, after catching, fish species should be replenished according to the amount of pit fish, and the most reasonable amount of pits should be kept.
Daily management: The day-to-day management of prevention, prevention of enemy harm, escape prevention, and theft prevention is crucial to the success of breeding. Fish disease is mainly prevention, and summer and autumn are frequent diseases of fish diseases. Every 20 days, 1 to 2 kg of quicklime water is poured (30 grams of quicklime, 1m3 of water). At the same time, garlic mash is used to feed for 3 days (100 kg of fish. 500 grams of garlic). Fish, fish, and snakes are the predators of the family's pit father fish. The weeds around the potholes are removed. Some bamboo branches and branches are placed in the pot to prevent predators. Set up a few dark piles in the stack to prevent theft. The water inlet and outlet are placed to prevent the fish from being caught by bamboo weaving equipment. None of the above methods is foolproof. Only one point of harvesting can be harvested. It is necessary to take a hard look at the pond and observe it in a timely manner. It is found that fish diseases are promptly treated and the enemy is removed in time, and new water is often added.
IV. Measures and Suggestions
1. The government should increase support for rural family potholes and fish farming, and incorporate family potholes and fish farming into ecological home construction projects for unified planning and implementation.
2. Aquaculture promotion agencies should do a good job of experimentation and demonstration, take a few steps, strengthen technical guidance and training, carry out various forms of technical consulting activities, timely impart practical techniques to farmers, effectively solve the problems encountered by farmers in the breeding process, and strive to improve the aquaculture. Success rate and yield per unit area.
3. To adjust the structure of farmed species, from a single carp culture to the development of multi-species three-dimensional water space, focusing on the popularization of famous fish products such as soft-shelled turtle, squid, squid, fork tail, squid, mud loach, and optimization of species structure. Improve product quality and increase farmers' income.
4. Establish cooperative organizations and joint operations. The backbone households or farms shall be responsible for the supply of pre- and post-production fingerlings, feed, medicines, and post-harvest products, improve the market competitiveness of the products, and maintain the interest. V. Concluding remarks Rural family pothole fishes make full use of idle land resources to produce high-protein fish products, solve the problem of fish farming in rural areas, improve the food structure of farmers, improve the living standards of farmers, beautify the living environment, and reduce the The epidemic (insect eggs, mosquitoes that fall into the water are eaten by fish). At the same time, surplus products can also enrich the market for aquatic products and increase revenue.